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1. FACTORS OF INTELLIGENCE

   • Defined and measured with IQ test
   • Gardner(1985) Multiple Intelligences
     • Variety of learning styles
     • Logico mathematic, linguistic, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naaturalistic, spiritual.
   • Refered as "G" factor
   • Effects on language learning
     • Some skills associated with SLA in the formal study of an L2 (reading, writing, language analysis and vocabulary study).
     • Intelligence as predictor of success of language learning in formal instruction contexts

2. LANGUAGE APTITUDE

   • Important factor in SLA
   • known as Natural Ability
   • Connected with variables
     • age, intelligence, motivation, use of strategies, sex, personality, cognitive style.
   • Test to measure the abilitty
     • Language Project (Wells, 1981,1985) Study of children´s language development in L1
     • Carroll and Sapon´s ( MLAT, 1959), components in language aptitude
       • Phonomic or phonetics, gramatical sensitivity, inductive language learning ability, rute learning ability.
     • Pimsleur (LAB, 1966) consist in analytic ability and auditory

3. COGNITIVE STYLE

   • Defined to the manner in wich the learner perceives, monitors, conceptualises and recalls linguistic information.
   • Scholars refer to a particular duality
     • Field dependence
       • Personal orientation, holistic, dependent, social sensitive
     • Field independence
       • Inpersonal orientation, analitic, independent, not so socially aware
   • Brown (1973) combination of affect and cognition
     • Reflective impulsive thinking, broad narrow, interference.prone
   • Learning Styles
     • Cognitive, affective, phychological behaviours
   • Perceptual learning tendencies
     • visual learning, auditory learning, kinesthetic, tactile.

4. LEARNING STRATEGIES

   • Defined by Oxford and Crookall (1989) as:
     • Steps taken by the learner to aid acquisition, storage, retrieval of information
       • Direct Strategies
         • Cognitive, memory, compensation.
       • Indirect Strategies
         • Metacognitive, affective, social, communication.
   • Rod Ellis (1997)
     • Particular approaches or techniques that learners employ to try to learn a L2
       • Behavioral and mental.
   • Out of class learning strategies
     • Students improve their english through: cinema, reading newspapers, interaction with foreing people, etc.
   • Features and Characteristics
     • communicative competence, self directed and autonomous, role of teachers, actions and aspects or the learner, support learning, conscious, flexible , variety of factors.

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