PE - Skill Acquisition

PE - Skill Acquisition

1. Ability Charactertics

   • Innate
     • Born with it
   • Enduring
     • Stayed with you a lifetime
   • Inherited
     • Receive from parents
   • Building Blocks
     • FMS etc

2. Continuums

   • An imaginary scale between 2 extremes, which shows a gradual increase/decease in a number of characteristics
   • The 6 Cotinuums
     • Muscular Involvement
       • Gross
       • Fine
     • Environmental Involvement
       • Open
       • Closed
     • Continuity Involvement
       • Discrete
       • Serial
       • Continuous
     • Pacing Involvement
       • Self Paced
       • Externally Paced
     • Difficulty Involvement
       • Simple
       • Complex
     • Organisational Involvement
       • Low
       • High

3. Manipulation of Practice

   • Whole Practice
     • The skill is practiced from start to finish in its entirety
     • Helps the performer get a feel for the skill (kinesthesis)
     • Good for fast movements that can't be split into sub-routines
     • Good for high organisation, low complexity ad is allowed to be done efficiently
     • Bad when the skill is complex or dangerous
   • Part Method
     • The parts of the skill are practiced in isolation
     • Useful for complicated and serial skills
     • Reduced info for cognitive learners
     • Encourages positive transfer - Helping one skill to another
     • Lose of kinesthesis and takes longer to learn
   • Whole-Part-Whole Method
     • The skill is practiced for its entirety, then broken down aspect into isolation and then put it back into entirety
     • Kinesthesis good
     • Concentrate on specific part of the skill
     • Bad for highly dangerous skills
     • Bad for highly organised sills that can be broken down
   • Progressive Part
     • Doing a skill and then adding more skills into isolation to progress its entirety and link them together
     • Teaching subroutines is good for a performer
     • Reduces information overloads
     • Helps the kinesthesis of the skill
     • Continuous skills are not good

4. Skill Characteristics

   • Efficient
   • Coordinated
   • Learned
   • Smooth and Aesthetic
   • Goal Directed
   • Controlled
   • Consistence
   • Copy of Model

5. Fundamental Motor Skills

   • Basic skills that link into more complex skills
   • Between the ages of 3-5 years, children are starting to develop their gross motor skills
   • Gross motor skills are a specific set of skills that involve different body parts
   • They are the 'Building blocks' or foundation movements for more complex skills
   • For example: kicking, throwng, catching, running, jumping etc

6. Abilities

   • Psychomotor
   • Grossmotor

7. Phases of Learning

   • Cognitive Phase
     • Initial learning of basic skill
     • Understanding of the activity
     • Analysis of technique
     • Use of models
     • Learner tries to create a mental picture
     • Demonstrations and verbal explanations needed
     • Trial and error
     • Full of errors
   • Associate Phase
     • Focus on movement allowing better kinesthesis
     • Comparison with model
     • Skill still inconsistent
     • Practice all of the time
     • Some never leave and longest phase
     • Begins to eliminate mistakes
     • Motor programmes developed
     • Fundamentals learned
   • Autonomous Phase
     • Action automatic
     • Focus on tactics/strategy
     • Needs less external feedbacks
     • Can execute the skill with minimum of conscious thought
     • Motor programme store in LTM
     • Self confidence increased