ENLIGHMENT

ENLIGHMENT

1. WHERE?

   • Enlighment started in Europe,in France to be exact.

2. WHEN?

   • According to researchers this period began during the late 17th and the 18th.

3. WHAT?

   • Enlighment was a intellectual and cultural movement that started in France that superimposed reason and freedom over superstition and science over blind faith.

4. WHY

   • This movement started becouse more and more people began to think about ways to understand the world trough science and reason abd put aside the superstition.

5. WHO?

   • Montesquiew
     • Executive
       • Government
     • Legislative
       • Parliament
     • Judicial
       • Judges
   • Voltaire
     • Religion based on reason
     • Freedom
   • Rosseau
     • Government controls citizens and gives them something in return
   • Diderot and D'Alembert
     • Wrote encyclopedia

6. CONSEQUENCES

   • SOCIETY
     • Society division was based on merit,personal worth and social usefulness.The bourgeoisie became an increasingly numerous and active group
   • ECONOMIC
     • -French Revolution (1789) -Triangle Trade
   • POLITIC
     • -Division of power for society to be fair -Parliamentary systems -End of Absolutist monarchy

7. 18th CENTURY OLD REGIME

   • The Old Regime was the political situation in place prior to the French Revolution.
   • ECONOMIC
     • The main economic policy wqs mercantilism,based on accumulating precious metals by means of trade.The state firbid the export of precious metals,promote trade,boost exports and gain colonies.This lead competitiveness between European countries.
     • PHYSIOCRACY
       • It was supported by Francois Quesnay,who believes that the wealth nation was based on agriculture and mining becouse it provides food and items for crafts and trade.
     • Agricultural Transformation
       • Based on biennial or triennial rotation.Most of the land belonged to manors,nobility and clergy collected taxes or manorial rights from their inhabitants.
     • Changes in Craftsmanship
       • -Cottage Industries: work carried by peasants,they were paid with raw materials and tools. -Manufactures: large specialised workshops,they were working for wages or for private individuals manufacturing luxury items.
   • SOCIETY
     • Society Pyramid
       • -King -Nobility -Clergy -Third state
   • POLITIC
     • The monarchy was absolutist,meaning that the King had all the power and they tought that the power was a divine right that came from God.The King held all the powers until some Enlighment thinkers criticised the absolute monarchy.
   • Characteristics
     • Absolutist political system
     • Agrarian economy
     • Stratified society
     • Great influence of religion,culture,education and art

8. ENLIGHMENT DESPOTISM

   • It tried to reconcilie abslolutism with the progressive ideas of Enlighment.The monarch does what he think that is convenient for citizens without counting on them.

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