🧠 LEARNING & MEMORY

🧠 LEARNING & MEMORY

1. MEMORY SYSTEMS

   • Primary Memory
     • Short-Term Memory (STM)
     • Working Memory (Baddaley)
       • Phonological Loop (verbal/acoustic)
       • Visuospatial Sketchpad (visual/spatial)
       • Central Executive (coordination, attention)
       • Episodic Buffer (integration)
   • Long-Term Memory (LTM)
     • Declarative (Explicit) Knowledge
       • Episodic Memory
       • Semantic Memory
     • Procedural (Implicit) Knowledge
     • Implicit vs. Explicit Memory

2. MEMORY PROCESSES

   • Encoding
     • Rational Encoding
     • Elaborative Encoding
   • Retrieval
   • Consolidation & Reconsolidation
   • Forgetting

3. KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES

   • Network Structures
     • Semantic Networks
     • Propositions
     • Production Systems
   • Schemas
   • Mental Models

4. LEARNING MECHANISMS

   • Learning by Association
   • Accretion/Enrichment
   • Tuning/Revising
   • Structuring/Restructuring (Conceptual Change)

5. DIRECTIONS OF KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

   • Bottom-Up Learning (Data-Driven)
   • Top-Down Learning (Knowledge-Driven)
   • Analogical Reasoning
   • Implicit vs. Explicit Learning
   • Inductive Learning