Final Exam_1

Final Exam

1. Chapter 14

   • Thermodynamics
     • 0th law
       • Ta=Tb=Tc
     • focuses on energy
       • conservation of energy
       • transfer of energy
   • Temperature & Heat
     • thermal equilibrium
       • Ta=Tb=Tc
       • heat flow
     • heat energy
       • flows between systems
       • Joule
         • J
       • Calorie
         • =1000 calories
           • 1 cal=4.186J
     • 3 scales
       • fahrenheit
         • water freezes at 32
         • water boils at 212
         • Tf=9/5tc+32
       • Kelvin
         • water freezes at 273.15
         • water boils at 373.14
         • Tk=Tc+273.15
         • absolute 0 at 0
       • Celsius
         • water freezes at 0
         • water boils at 100
   • Phases of Matter
     • Solid
       • atoms held in place by forces from next atom
       • constant volume and shape
     • Liquid
       • atoms able to move about
       • constant volume but not constant shape
     • Gas
       • density lower than liquid
       • not constant in either volume or shape
     • Internal Energy U
       • phase change
         • phase diagram
         • melting
         • freezing
         • evaporation
         • sublimation
       • heat capacity = q/delta(t)
       • specific heat = c=Q/mdelta(T)
         • latent heat of fusion
         • latent heat of vaporization

2. Chapter 15

   • Gasses and Kinetic Theory
     • Gas Laws
       • Ideal Gas Law
         • dilute gass
         • Pv=nRT
           • R=8.31J/mole*K
           • n=number of moles present
         • Kb=Boltzmanns Constant
           • 1.38e-23J/K
         • combination of 3 other laws
       • Avogadros Law
         • V proportional to N
       • Boyles Law
         • P proportional to 1/v
           • for constant temp
       • Charles law
         • V proportional to T
           • for constant pressure
       • Gay-Lussacs Law
         • P proportional to T
           • for constant volume
     • Kinetic Theory
       • 3/2KbT
       • Molecular Speeds
         • v=sqrt((3KbT/M))
   • Avogadros Number
     • Na=6.023e23
       • Pure number
     • Number of particles in a mole
   • atomic mass
     • M=M/Na

3. Chapter 16

   • Thermodynamics
     • Quantities Used to describe systems
       • Pressure
       • Volume
       • Temperature
     • Four Laws
       • Zeroth Law
         • Based on idea of thermal equilibrium
           • If ta=tb and tb=tc then ta=tc
       • First Law
         • U=3/2KbT or 3/2nRT
         • Thermal Reservoir
         • Work
           • W=Padeltax=PdeltaV
         • Thermodynamic Processes
           • Isobaric
             • Constant Pressure
             • W=PdeltaV=P(V1-V2)
           • IsoThermal
             • Constant Temperature
             • W=nRTln(Vf/Vi)
             • Expansion
             • Compression
           • Adibiatic
             • Heat Q=0
             • P proportional to 1/Vf
           • Isochoric
             • Constant volume
             • W=PdeltaV=0
       • 2nd law
         • Heat cannot flow from cold to hot
           • Heat Engine
             • Qh=W
             • Carnot Engine
               • Reversible Heat Engine
               • Qc must be low
               • Qc/Qh=Tc/Tn
               • e=1-Tc/th
       • 3rd law
         • it is impossible to achieve a temperature of absolute 0 (0K)