Behavioural Approach (Operant Conditioning)

Behavioural Approach (Operant Conditioning)

1. Token Economy Programmes

   • Form of behaviour modification based on OC (learning through consequences)
   • Rewards provided for desired behaviour
   • Rewards=tokens/points exchanged for something the individual would like
   • Rewards must genuinely reward the service user as tokens themselves are not rewarding
   • D: lack of commitment, inconsistent rewards, failure to plan, problems may occur
   • A: no delay between behaviour and reward, anyone can give tokens, cheap, clear rules, have been sucessful

2. Positive Reinforcement

   • A behaviour is strengthened or made more likely to occur again if it is followed by a positive or desirable consequence (positive reinforcer)
   • Eg a child recieves a sticker for using the toilet during potty training
   • Pleasent when happens which encourages the behaviour

3. Punishment

   • A behavior is weakened or made less likely to occur again if it is followed by an undesirable consequence (punisher)
   • Unpleasant when it happens, stops the behaviour

4. Negative Reinforcement

   • Involves the strenghtening of behaviour by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus (negative reinforcer)
   • Eg a service user takes their medication to stop the effects of dperession
   • Pleasant when it stops, encourages the behaviour