SEMANTICS

SEMANTICS

1. The study of the meaning of linguistic expressions

   • What is meaning?
     • The idea that is represented by a word, phrase or that someone wants to express by using words
   • Two types of meanings
     • Conceptual Meaning
       • This refers to the Denotation only found in Dyccionaries
     • Associative Meaning
       • This is about the Connotation that every person has adopted based on their experiences.

2. Semantic Features

   • Even thought if a sentence follows the grammar rules and it's correct, that wont give it a correct sense
     • E.g.: My cat gave me an advice full of wisdom.
       • This sentence represent the oddness semantically because the cat is neither capable of talking nor giving me an advice full of wisdom.

3. Semantic Roles

   • Agent & Theme
     • Agent: The DOER of the action.
     • Theme: the one being described
       • I ( Agent) / cook the dinner for / my husband (theme)
   • Instrument & Experiencer
     • Instrument: what is needed to perform the action by the doer
     • Experiencer: Doer becomes Experiencer when there is sense verbs ( feel, taste, touch..)
   • Location, Source & Goal
     • Instrument: Where the entity occurs
     • Source: From where or what the entity comes
     • Goal: where the entity goes to

4. Semantic relation

   • Synonymy
     • having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the language
   • Relationship between words
   • Antonymy
     • word opposite in meaning to another
   • Hyponymy
     • denotes a subcategory of a more general class
   • Prototypes
     • illustrate the typical qualities of a class; model
   • Homophone
     • Homonym
       • People in a movie : Cast =/= Cast : to throw
     • Sail =/= Sale
   • Polysemy
     • diversity of meanings
       • In the dyccionary appears as many entries as meaning for a word
   • Metonymy
     • a figure of speech that uses the name of a concept for that of another to which it is related
   • Corpus Linguistics
     • study of language based on examples of "real life" language use stored in computerized databases