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64885
Attachment
Description
Psychology Mind Map on Attachment, created by george.stringer on 01/05/2013.
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psychology
psychology
Mind Map by
george.stringer
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
george.stringer
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Attachment
What is attachment?
Attachment is an emotional relationship between infants and their caregivers
Learning Theory
Classical Conditioning
Learning through association. Getting food from a baby's mother gives them pleasure.
The desire for food is fufilled when the mother is around therefore the baby makes an association with the mother and food.
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcing behaviour.
Positive Reinforcement - Good behaviour will be rewarded. Children will repeat action
Negative Reinforcement - removing a discomfort e.g. crying so mother feeds them therefore removing discomfort. Children will repeat action
Punishment - Punishing a child for bad behaviour. Children will not repeat action
Attachment and comfort
Harlow
In a lab experiment, rhesus monkeys were raised in isolation. They had two surrogate mothers (wire with food and cloth with no food)
Monkeys spent most of the time with cloth mother and only went to food mother when hungry.
Monkeys grew up showing signs of social/emotional disturbance and female monkeys were bad mothers and violent to offspring
There was a strict control of variables. Can't generalise results as only monkeys were used. Ethical Issues. Low Ecological Validity.
Schaffer and Emerson
Studied 60 babies during first 18 months of birth. Many babies didn't have strong attachments.
The babies formed better attachments with those who interacted/played with them more
Ethological Approach
Lorenz
Randomly divided dreylag goose eggs in two groups. Group 1 left with mother and group 2 in an incubator.
Incubator eggs attached to the first moving thing they saw (Lorenz) which followed him. When the two groups were re-united they quickly grouped.
Imprinting was most likely between 13-16 hours of hatching. The critical period was 32 hours. After that it was too late to attach
Bowlby's Evolutionary Theory
Biological need to attach to a caregiver. Having one special attachment is called monotropy
Strong attachment provides a 'safe base' to explore. It gves us a template for future relationships
First 3 years of lfe is the critical period of atatchment. If no attachment is made it could damage a child's social and emotional development
Harlow supported this theory. Schaffer and Emerson was against this theory (multiple attachments). Harlow's study goes against monotropy.
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