Mind map

Slippery Path

Nadeen Adi English

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Slippery Path

Demographics
- 26 year old
- Ali
Drugs
- are substances that change a person's physical or mental state
  - Nadin M-Bassam Adi U15101378 Group:K
- Two types
  - Use drugs
  - Abuse (Recreational drugs)
    - Tobacco smoke
    - Marijuana
    - Heroin
    - Coccaine
Pharmacodynamics
- What a drug does to the body
- Terminology
  - Affinity
    - The ability of drug to fit onto the receptor
  - Efficacy
    - Ability of D-R complex to make a response
  - Potency
    - the different doses of two drugs needed to produce the same effect
  - Effective Concentration 50% (ED50)
    - Concentration of the drug which induces effect in 50% of subjects
  - Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
    - Concentration of the drug which induces death in 50% of subjects
- Receptors
  - Ligand gated ion channels
  - G-protein coupled receptors
  - Kinase-linked receptors
  - Nuclear receptors
- Ligands classification
  - Agonist
  - Partial agonist
  - Inverse agonist
  - Antagonist
    - Chemical Antagonists
    - Physiological Antagonists
    - Pharmacokinetic antagonism
Puberty
- Girls
  - breast development
  - Pubic hair
- Boys
  - development of external genitalia
  - pubic hair
Addiction Risk factors
- Family history
- Peer pressure
- To show independence
- Anxiety, depression and loneliness
- Lack of family involvement
Common Drugs in UAE
- Tobacco smoking and sheesha
- Energy drinks
- Tramadol and other prescribed medicatons
- sniffing glue and inhaling butane and paint thinner
xenobiotics
- enter the body
  - Enter cells
    - Metabolised
      - Exit cells
        Exit the body
        How
        Renal excretion
        Biliary excretion
        Exhalation
        Sweat
        Others
        How
        special ATP-ases like P-glycoproteins excrete xenobiotics
      - How
        Phase 1
        CYP450s and other enzymes
        Phase 2 (conjugation)
        transferases
    - How
      - Simple diffusion
      - Facilitated diffusion
      - Active transport (primary and secondary)
      - endocytosis
  - How
Addiction age groups
- Increases during adulthood because of stress increase and money availability.
Alcohol
- Metabolism
- metabolic pathways affected
- Effect on health
Addiction & dependence
- dependence
  - physical
    - physical symptoms occur if the drug is suddenly stopped
  - psychological
    - drug becomes central to the person’s thoughts, activities and emotions
- addiction
  - inability to control drug use, and use despite doing harm to self
Poly drug use
- Alcohol & Cocaine
- Alcohol & Ecstasy
- Opiates & Cocaine
- Cocaine & Ecstasy
- Alcohol & any other drug
Tolerance
- greater amounts of drug are required to achieve the initial effect
- Types
  - Pharmacokinetic tolerances
  - Pharmacodynamic tolerance
  - Behavioral tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
- Irritability
- Depression
- Racing heart
Treatment
- Pharmacotherapy
  - Drug substitution
    - types
      - Agonist
      - Partial agonist
      - Antagonist
    - Examples
      - Methadone
      - Buprenorphine
      - Naltrexone
- Psychological
- Family Therapy
- Group Therapy
Physical examination
Psychosocial effects of addiction
- Marriage/Relationship
- Financial issues
- Law and Order
Investigations
- Breath Test
- Blood Test
- Urine Test
- Hair Test
- Saliva Test