Energy Sources

Energy Sources

1. 3 types of energy sources

   • carbohydrates
     • Broken down into glucose
       • Stored as Glycogen in muscle and liver
   • proteins
     • Broken down into amino acids
       • Cannot be stored
   • fats
     • Broken down into glycerol and fatty acids
       • Stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue

2. ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) is the energy store

   • ATP= ADP + P + Energy
   • Broken down by enzyme ATPase
     • This is an exothermic reaction meaning energy is released
   • ATP lasts for two seconds
     • typically jumping and throwing activities
   • ATP can be resynthesised by PC (phosphocreatine)
     • PC= P + C + Energy
     • ADP uses P from PC and Energy to resynthesize ATP
       • ADP + P + Energy= ATP
     • Phosphocreatine is found in the sarcoplasm
     • ATP PC SYSTEM
       • lasts 3 to 10 seconds
       • anaerobic

3. Lactic Acid System

   • lasts 30 -60 seconds
   • anaerobic glycolysis
   • Uses energy derived from carbohydrates
   • GLYCOGEN
     • Glucose
       • Pyruvic Acid
         • Lactic Acid
           • This By product causes muscle soreness and fatigue. Lactic Acid will also denature enzymes which causes the onset of fatigue and performance to deteriorate
         • Broken down by LDH (lactatedehydrogenase)
         • no oxgen present
       • Broken down by PFK (phosphofructokinase)
       • Due to this breakdown we get 2 ATP
     • broken down by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase
   • Used by 200m sprinters and 50m swimmers

4. Aerobic System

   • Stage 1: Glucose broken down by PFK,
     • Pyruvic Acid combines with Co Enzyme A
       • Form to make Acetyle Co A , which combines with oxaloacetic acid
         • Citric Acid
           • Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
             • 2 ATP
             • hydrogen ions
               • stage 3 : electron transport chain
                 • H+ ions combine with enzymes NAD and FAD
                   • carbon and hydrogen bond is split to form carbon oxygen and hydrogen oxygen
                     • water is created
                       • 32 ATP are produced
             • produces and removes co2
             • regeneration of oxaloacetic acid
     • 2 ATP

5. Energy continuum

   • Threshold: the time at which one point of a system takes over from another
   • you can train in order to alter your thresholds of each system slightly
   • long term training effects: threshold can be delayed by training, allowing greater capacity for ATP/PC, allows a greater lactic acid toleration and more efficient ATP regeneration

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