L2 learning and teaching

L2 learning and teaching

1. L1 learning vs. L2 acquisition

   • Similarities
     • certain resistance to instruction
     • similar developmental stages (acquisition order)
     • similar processes, e.g. overgeneralization
   • Differences
     • Ultimate Attainment
     • learner-internal factors (motivation, anxiety)
     • no native-like competence
     • (explicit) Instruction
       • Non-Interface Position
         • Explicit knowlege = no implicit knowledge = no instruction
           • Krashen
           • CONTRA: Pellerin + Hammerly
         • meaning-focused instruction
       • Strong-Interface Position
         • explicit knowlege = implicit knowledge = instruction
           • De Keyser
           • CONTRA: Masters
           • Focus on Forms (FonFs)
           • CONTRA: Macaro and Masterman
       • Weak-Interface Position
         • explicit knowledge = implicit knowledge = exposure + instruction
           • Noticing
           • Ellis
           • Focus on form (FonF)
           • Pellerin + Hammerly

2. Acquisition Theories

   • Implicit Learning
     • Habit-formation - behaviourism
     • Intuitive acquisition
       • Exposure in naturalistic setting
         • Krashen
   • Explicit Learning

3. Approaches L2 Teaching

   • Communicative Approach (70s)
     • CONTRA: Canadian Immersion Programs
       • Pellerin + Hammerly
   • Post-Communicative Approach (90s)
     • (Model of) Communicative Competence
       • Linguistic, pragmatic, discourse, strategic
       • Canale and Swain
         • Grammatical competence
         • sociolinguistic competence
         • strategic competence
     • Ellis
   • Teaching Grammar
     • Grammar Translation (50s)
     • Audio-Lingualism (60s)

4. Pedagogical Grammar

   • Criteria
     • not too technical
     • not too comprehensive
     • order of topics according to acquisition order
     • presentation facilitating learning
     • pedagogical relevance (examples)
   • Components (cf. Communicative Competence) --> Grammar in Context
     • Form
     • Meaning
     • Use
       • presentation and practice within a Discourse
         • Celce-Murcia
         • Green Line - Dead Duck Day
       • Corpora
         • Keck and Kim
         • Behind the Scenes
         • Copora in classroom resource
         • student as researcher
     • Larsen-Freeman
   • Task Design
     • authentic and communicative
       • task-based learning
         • Spot the difference task
     • grammar focus
     • Domains influencing task design
       • Skehan
       • interactionist
       • Sociocultural
       • Cognitivist
         • Pre-Task
         • Task
           • Code complexity
           • Cognitive complexity
           • Communicative stress
         • Post-Task
     • Inductive approaches