Psychology Memory

Psychology Memory

1. Levels of Proccess

   • The depth of the info taken in, when learning
   • 1.Phonetic-sound of word 2. Semantic-meaning of word 3. Structural-appearance what look like
   • Craik&Lockhart: A;type of question has effect of recall? M;shown list,asked questions about. answer yh/no. Then given longer list and asked identify words. R;Identify 70%senantic, 35% phonetic,15% structural . C;more deeply info processed, more likely remember.
   • Practical App
     • How we revise, read,write it and write again!

2. Reconstructive

   • Altering info so it makes sense to us
   • Bartlett: A;see if givin something unfamiliar people change it. M;Read the 'war of the ghosts'. retell story several times throughout week. R; change to make sense to them,each time changed more. C;Memory influenced by beliefs.
   • Wynn&Logie: A;see if memory of familiar events change over time. M;Asked UNI students about first day, then asked again throughout the year. R;the memory of the event stayed the same. C;Memory's for familiar events don't change.
   • Practical App
     • Explains why when 2 people watch the same event, they see things differnetly

3. Interference

   • Thinks we have learnt that makes difficult recall new info.
     • RETROACTIVE: find difficult learn older info
     • PROACTIVE: find difficult lean new info
   • Underwood&Postman: A;see if new info interferes with old. M;2 groups;1,learn list of word pairs. Then second list. 2.learn first list of words. R;group B more accurate. C;New learning effects accuracy of pervious learning.
   • Practical App
     • Don't revise 2 subjects that are simulair

4. Eye Witness

   • Leading Questions
     • Loftus&Palmer: A;see if asking leading questions affect the accuracy of the recall. M;shown film of car accident, half asked 'how fast was the car going when it HIT the other car?' others asked SMASHED. R;those who heard SMASHED gave a higher speed estimate. C;Leading questions will reduce accuracy of recall.
   • Unfamiliar faces
     • Bruce&Young: A;see if familiarity affects accuracy of identifying faces. M;Teachers caught of camra, ppl asked to identify faces. R;students identified more correct than police. C;Pervious familiarity helps to identify faces.
   • Context of a place

5. Multi Store

   • Flow of Memory
     • 1. Encoding(taking in info)
     • 2.Storage(keeping info in)
     • 3.Retrieval(giving info out)
   • Memory model
     • Sensory-minimum
     • STM-7+-2, 1 min
     • LTM-unlimited,Forever
   • Person&Peterson A; Rehearsal into STM needed? M;3 letters words remember, straight away asked count bk in 3s. recall letters. R; Forgot everything after 18secs C;Rehearsal needed hold info in STM
   • Practical App
     • Car reg&postcodes holds between 7+-2 info

Images and files in the map