Connectivity

Connectivity

1. Ports

   • mouse and keyboard ports PS/2
     • Mini din 6 connector
   • Video ports-Analog and Digital
     • Analog signal(varying levels, such as seen with an audio signal. which is the older method. Digital Signal 1's and 0's. Because the computer uses all digital signals,sending 1's and 0's is more efficient than having to convert the 1's and 0's to an analog signal.
     • Video Port Summary
       • Type                        Transfer S VGA-  Analog            N/A DVI-   BOTH    dual-link 7.92Gb/s HDMI- Digital           18.Gb/s DisplayPort-Display   25.92Gb/s ThunderBolt-Digital  10Gb/s 20Gb/s (v2) 30Gb/s (v3)
   • VGA port
     • female port is sometimes advertised as an HD-15 OR DE-15 Port. The VGA cable has a DB-15 males end that attaches to the DE-15 port
   • DVI port
     • DVI has three rows of square holes. DVI is used to connect flat panel digital displays.
     • Single link DVI-Dual Link DVI
       • Single link allows coonections at a resolutions of 1920x1080. Dual Link more pins are available to send more signals thus allowing higher resolutions.
       • DVI -D,DVI-I,DVI-A
         • DVI-D-used for digital video connectivity. DVI-I can be used for both digital and analog monitors and it is the most common. DVI-A is the less common type which is used for analog connectivity only.
     • HDMI
       • Upgrade to DVI is High Definition Multimedia Interface, a Digital interface that can carry audio and video over the same cable. Mini HDMI, or Micro HDMI connectors are used with devices such as cameras, tablets and smartphones.
       •            HDMI  Connectors A= 19-pin port on a TV or PC that can have a Catergory 1(standard) or Catergory(High Speed). B= 29-pin port used with very high resolution displays. C=19-pin mini port(2.42mm x10.42mm)found on mobile devices D= 19-pin micro port(2.8mm x 6.4mm) found on mobile devices.
   • Display port
     • Display port can send and receive video,audio or both types of signals simultaneously. The port is designed to primarily output to display devices such as(T.V,Computer Monitors,and Home Theater devices).
     • Converters
       • Passive converter-can be used to convert single-link DVI or HDMI port. Active converter-used to convert Dual-link.
       • Passive and Active Cables
         • Passive Cables-is one that does not contain a chip like active cables. Active Cables- have chips that boosts the signals, thus allowing cables to be thinner and to support sending signals further and faster than passive cables.
   • Thunder Bolt port
     • The ThunderBolt Port used in Apple computers is the same connector as the Mini-Display Port. ThunderBolt 3 will use the USB Type C. In addition to carrying video signals, a ThunderBolt cable can also be used to carry audio signals and data to external storage devices(CD's,DVD's,Blu ray,Flash drives.
   • HDCP
     • High Bandwith digital content protection is featured on the DVI, Display Port and , HDMI port. it is designed to protect copywrited material.
   • BNC
     • Bayonet Neil Concelman is used with a coaxial cable that is found in video networks such as a school where multiple TV's connect to the same distributing center.

2. Ports

   • USB
     • USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. A USB port allows up to 127 connected devices to transmit at speeds up to 10Gb/s
     • USB 3 Versions
       • USB 1.0-1.5Mb/S USB1.1- USB2.0-480Mb/s USB3.0-5Gb/s
     • USB Upstream And Downstream
       • An Upstream port is used to connect to a computer or another hub. USB devices connects to the Downstream port. Downstream port are commonly known as USB Type A and USB Type B. Type C connector is the latest connector that will eventually replace the Type A and B connector.
     • Self powered hub-bus powered hub
       • Self powered hub has an external power supply attached. Bus powered hub has no external power supply connected to it.
     • Charging and Sleep and Charge USB port
       • A charging USB port is a port designed to be able to provide power and charge attached devices. Sleep and Charge USB port is one in which the port provides power to the device(power to charge the device0, even when the computer is powered off. 
     • USB OTG
       • USB OTG is a supplement to use USB 2.0 specification and is included in the specification for USB 3.0.Usually with a USB, a device that does not have too much intelligence built into it attaches to a host-specifically a PC. USB OTG allows a USB device such as a audio player or mobile phone, to act as the host device.
     • USB Header
       • Many motherboards support adding two or more USB ports by using a cable that attaches to motherboard pins, which is also known as a USB Header.