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WHAT DARWIN COULDN'T EXPLAIN

how traits are inherited

how does heritable variation arise?

genetic basis for evolutionary change

19TH CENTURY HYPOTHESES ON HOW TRAITS ARE INHERITED

blended inheritance: hereditary determinants in egg and sperm are irreversibly linked

problem: population would be phenotypically uniform, with no variation

particulate inheritance: hereditary determinants in egg and sperm are inherited through "discrete particles" (genes) which maintain their ability to be inherited while not always expressed in the following generation

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