Extra notes (learning and memory)

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Implicit memory is formed by procedures e.g. walking or riding a bike

Explicit memory is memory for facts and events e.g. the capital of France

With short-term memory there is no de novo synthesis of macromolecules. In long-term memory formation de novo protein and mRNA is synthesised. There is also intermediate-term memory, during which proteins are made from exisiting mRNA

In invertebrates, the main neurotransmitter for motor neurons is glutamate

After sensitisation there is a broadening of action potentials in the sensory neurons causing voltage gated calcium channels to be open for longer which is what leads to a stronger response

Stimulation of serotonergic neurons strengthens the sensorimotor synapse. This was proved by a greater synaptic response after stimulation of 5HT receptors and also after application of serotonin.

Serotonin release causes depression of K+ channel conduction which reduces the speed of depolarisation. The serotonin receptors are GPCRs coupled to Galpha-s proteins, and the resulting activated PKA phosphorylates potassium channels to do this. (Short term sensitisation)

Tail shock causes dishabituation of the gill stimulation reflex

Short-term habituation is homosynaptic

The neutral stimulus occuring before the unconditioned one causes an influx of Ca2+ which is needed for association

Short term memory is associated with covalent changes in ion channels at the synapse

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