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Memory:

memory is the process of remembering something after the original is no longer present.

Short term memory is the store that hold small amounts of information for small amounts of time. Long term memory is a store that has the ability to hold vast amounts of information for an unlimited time.

Capacity means the amount of information that can be held in a store of the memory.

Duration is the amount of time a memory can be held in a store of the memory.

Encoding means the way information is processed in order for it to be stored as a memory.

Research has been carried out by Baddeley in 1966 to find out whether long term memory and short term memory encode differently. In order to do this he presented a different list of words to each 4 groups he put together. To test stm he asked them to recall the words straight away and found that stm encodes acoustically. To test ltm he asked participants to carry out an activity using digits then asked them to recall the words. He found ltm encodes semantically.

Conrad (1964) studied encoding of stm by showing participants a two letter strings in quick flashes. He then asked them to recalled the letter strings in the correct order they were shown in. The letter string that was acoustically similar was the letter string that people couldn't recall correctly showing that stm encodes semantically.

Capacity of memory was studied by

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Multistore model:

Atkinson and Shiffrin(1968)

Sensory register--- attention---stm---rehearsal---ltm

Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) conducted an experiment to see if they could find evidence for the separate stores. Ppts were shown a list of words one at a time then were asked to recall words in any order (free recall). Hlaf of ppts recalled words immediately after and the other half counted backwards for 30 seconds before recalling words. Results of the experiment showed that the first words can be recalled due to rehearsal then the middle words are forgotten but the last words are recalled due to recency effect.

Working memory model:

central executive: deals with info in any format. Allocates attention to tasks to make decision.

Phonological loop: 1- articulatory process is the inner voice and allows sub-vocal repetition. 2- Phonological store is the inner ear and holds auditory info for short periods of time.

Visuospacial sketchpad: Inner eye and holds info for limited periods of time.

Episodic buffer: Synthesises info from LTM

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