SS Notes

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Unit 4 Notes - END

Delta of the Nile River located where the Mediterranean Sea reaches the Nile

Sun God of Egyptians = Ra

Isis & Osiris are the parents of Horus

Old Kingdom lasted 500 years in Egypt

Skilled workers who volunteered built pyramids

Hyksos ended Middle Kingdom by conquering lower Egypt

Pharaohs were depicted as perfect beings/gods in artwork

Ahmose defeated Hyksos in lower Egypt

Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799

Greek king Ptolemy ruled over Egypt around 200 B.C.E.

Egyptians became rich and powerful from trade

Kingdom of Punt was an important trading district

Alexander the Great came from Greece, conquered Ancient Egyptians

Hatsheput ruled in New Kingdom

Assyrians pushed the Kush out of Northern Egypt

Cataract is a series of waterfalls

A mastaba was used as a tomb in Ancient Egypt

Hyksos had chariots which gave them advantage over Ancient Egyptians

Hyksos conquered upper Egypt

Howard Carter found Tut's tomb

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Unit 5 Notes - Judaism - 1

Abraham was old and could not have a son with his wife Sarah so he had a son with his servant

Abraham created Judaism and Judaism is the first monotheistic religion

An angel came and told Abraham that Sarah would have a son and Sarah banished the servant and her son

Isaac is Abraham's firstborn son with Sarah

An angel came and said that God wanted Abraham to sacrifice Isaac

Abraham went to a mountain to sacrifice Isaac and brought all things necessary for an animal sacrifice (he told Isaac they would sacrifice an animal together)

Isaac asked where the animal was and Abraham said he would have to sacrifice him

An angel came right before Abraham sacrificed Isaac and gave them a ram and said they have proved worthy of God

Jewish Contributions

Judaism gave us: Modern religions of Christianity, Islam, Modern Judaism, rule of law (nobody is above the law), majority rules, freedom of speech, right to a trial, morality & rules of good behavior

Ancient Judaism called their god Yahweh

10 commandments came from Judaism

Judaism was established 3000 years ago

Exodus - 1

Exodus = exist

During a drought in Canaan, the Hebrew fled to Egypt

Story of Jewish people fleeing Egypt and going to their own land

Jewish people were first welcomed, but are now enslaved

New pharaoh is afraid there are too many Hebrew people

Sons of slaves are killed by pharaoh

Moses is born, put in a reed basket and set down the Nile River

Found and raised by pharaoh's sister, and is raised as a prince

They find out he's a Hebrew and has to escape Egypt and goes into the wilderness

Becomes part of a group raising sheep and goats

Moses sees bushes that is supposedly aflame but isn't

God says to Moses: go back to Egypt and free my people my G

When pharaoh says he wont let people go, 3 plagues begin

One plague was the Nile river turning to blood, one was a bunch of frogs, one was locusts & cattle die, one was an eclipse - total darkness, one was a hailstorm, and the last one was the Pharaoh's first son dying

Every time there's a plague Moses warns the Pharaoh, but he ignores him

God told the Hebrew people to sacrifice a lamb and put it over the doorway

If the angel of death saw blood over a doorway, he would know to pass over that house

God also told them to make unleavened bread (so it doesn't rise)

After the death of his firstborn, the Pharaoh says get out to them

Pharaoh changes his mind at the Red Sea, and Moses raises his hands, the red sea splits, and the Hebrews go to the other side

When the sea collapses, the troops/Egyptians all drown

Moses receives ten commandments after going to Mount Sinai for forty days

The Hebrew panicked and didn't know what to do when he was gone, so they made a golden calf and started worship ping it

Moses got so angry that he threw down the tablet and told them they cannot go to the promised land, so they had to travel the desert for 40 years until all sinners died. After 40 years, they all went to Israel, the promised land

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Unit 5 Notes - Judaism - 2

Exodus - 2

Hebrews only eat unleavened bread (no yeast, doesn't rise)

They also have ceremonial plate with herbs, horseradish, an egg, a lamb shank,

They have a little bit of saltwater that they dip parsley in that signifies the tears they cried as slaves

Haroset dish with apples, walnuts, & nuts signifies mortars they had to use to build structures for pyramids

Egg of spring, bitter herbs signify bitterness of slavery

Lamb shank reminds them of the lamb that was signified

Every year in the spring, Jewish families around the planet celebrate it and read Hebrew scriptures about Exodus

Back to the Jewish story...

Jewish people are the wanderers, forced to leave and come back to their homelands

When conquered by others, they look to the story of the Exodus to be free

When thrown out by Romans, the celebration of the Passover reminds them of the holy land

Christianity Connections

According to Christianity, in the holy week (the weekend Jesus dies and rises from the dead) Jesus goes to the temple, praying, and one night he is celebrating the Passover with his followers

Afterwards, Jesus celebrates the last supper. He offers himself up as the new Easter lamb/sacrificial lamb, freeing people from sin instead of slavery

Eucharist comes from the Last Supper

US Slavery

Slaves would talk in code and use the Old Testament, since they were allowed to speak of religion

Slaves latched on to the Hebrew story of being in slavery and wanting to be free

When they spoke of going to the promised land, that was the North of the USA

Harriet Tubman was called Grandma Moses or just Moses

To summarize...

Passover = FREEDOM!

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Unit 5 Notes - Judaism - 3

King Saul The Selfish

Israel was first ruled by a bunch of judges, but they wanted a king

Hebrews went to Samuel (prophet, speaks for God) and said "WE WANT A KING!" but prophet says "no papa"

They pick a guy named Saul to be king b/c he looks the part

However, Saul is selfish, hot temper, disobeys God's law, and doesn't listen to Samuel

Rules for 42 years

King David The Talented and The Brave

First to have proof of existence

Most popular king

Samuel appoints David as next king

Saul tries to hunt down David to kill him

David goes into hiding, sneaks into Saul's tent, takes a piece of cloth and sneaks back out, telling Saul "I could've killed you if I wanted to"

Saul eventually dies, David becomes king and makes Israel a great nation

David builds capital of Jerusalem

Breaks one of the ten commandments at one point and Samuel goes to him and tells him he cannot build a temple

David is obedient and respects God's law

Leaves building temple to his son

King Solomon The Wise

King Solomon is David's son

Used war and marriage

He builds the temple and places the ark of the covenant (container that holds ten commandments)

There are 2 women claiming the same son. They both went into a tent, one was born alive, one was born dead. At the time, if you were a woman who couldn't give birth to a boy, you were nothing. The next day, both women claim the boy. They go before King Solomon and he says "I have a solution, cut the baby in half and each get credit for a live birth." One of the women goes "OMG Solomon you're so wise!" the other goes "NONO GIVE THE BABY TO HER I'D RATHER SEE HIM WITH HER THAN DEAD" and he knew immediately who was the real mother.

After Solomon's dead, they aren't able to keep country together

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Unit 5 Notes - Judaism - 4

Judaism Basic Beliefs

-Observance of the law

God's law

Ten commandments

Torah has 613 laws written there controlling all aspects of life

-Scripture

Torah = first 5 books of Hebrew scriptures

Kosher: no pork, no shellfish, no milk and meat at the same time, - In the ancient world, often made people ill

Torah is only part of Jewish scriptures, the entire part of Jewish scriptures is called Hebrew Scriptures/Hebrew Bible - it includes the Torah and more

Christian Old Testament is the same as the Hebrew Bible

-Righteousness and justice

Act justly, treat others well

"You shall not pick your vineyard bare, or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard"

"And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field, or gather the gleanings (grains of wheat that fall on ground) of your harvest, you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I the Lord am your God."

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Unit 5 Notes - Judaism - 5