Adjective Clauses - created from Mind Map

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They act just like one-word adjectives to describe people, places, things, and concepts. But, they are clauses, which means they have their own subjects and verbs.

Clause Markers

Identifying vs. Nonidentifying Clauses

Reductions

Who - describe people

Whom - describes people as object of verb

Which - describes things

That - describes both things & people

Whose - indicates possession

Where - describes a place

When - describes a time

He is the man who is wearing a turbine.

This is the doctor who (m) we met.

This is a book which is useful.

The woman that is standing is my mom.

He is the teacher whose son is singing.

I remember the cafe where we met.

I remember the time when you ate sushi

Punctuation rules

No commas (critical to understanding)

CAUTION: "That" is not used for nonidentifying clauses.

The woman (who / that) created the test studied psychology.

The test (which / that / X) she created describes personality types.

If the verb is "to be"

If the verb is not "to be"

If clause marker is an object: who(m), which, that in identifying clauses

Remove the * to be * verb and the clause marker

The woman [who is] sitting on the chair is my sister.

The woman, [who is] an actress, is beautiful.

Remove the clause marker and change the verb to "ing."

She is the woman [who sits] on the chair.

She is the woman sitting on the chair.

The test [which/that] she created is here.

This is the doctor [who(m)/that] we saw.