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histopathology - the study of diseases in tissue, at either the gross/macroscopic or microscopic level. histopathology is often associated with surgery, as samples are analyzed to determine the extent of disease. theres also a forensic science subspecialty.

cytopathology- the study of disease at the cellular level. a pap smear is a good example of the type of cell samples that are studied and evaluated.'

hematology- a branch of medicine specializing in blood disorders. a hematologist would treat patients with sickle-cell anemia, for example.

microbiology- the study of microbes and single-celled organisms.

immunology- a branch of medicine specializing in conditions of the lymphatic and immune system.

geographic pathology- a specialty that focuses on the study of diseases in populations in different parts of the world.

medical genetics- the study of the relationship between heredity and disease.

molecular pathology- focuses on the detection and diagnosis of disease at the DNA level.

auscultation- assessing the patient by listening.

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