Flashcards
Gene Mutations
Cards in this deck (11)
- 1What is a mutation (of genes)?Any change to the base (nucleotide) sequence of DNA
- 2What are the 3 types of gene mutations?Substitution
Deletion
Insertion - 3What is a substitution mutation?One or more bases are swapped for another base
- 4What is a deletion mutation?One or more bases are removed
- 5What is an insertion mutation?One or more bases is added
- 6What is a frameshift mutation?Adding or deleting a base changes the number of bases present, causing a shift in all the base triplets that follow. This is a frameshift mutation - when an insertion or deletion changes the way the rest of the base sequence is read.
- 7Complete the sentence: The earlier the frameshift appears in the base sequence, the _______ amino acids are affected and the ___________ the mutation's effect on the __________.The earlier the frameshift appears in the base sequence, the MORE amino acids are affected and the GREATER the mutation's effect on the PROTEIN.
- 8What are the 3 types of effect a mutation can have on an organism?Beneficial
Harmful
Neutral - 9Some mutations can have a neutral effect on a protein's function. Why might they have a neutral effect?The mutation changes a base in a triplet, but the amino acid that the triplet codes for doesn't change
The mutation produces a triplet that codes for a different amino acid, but the amino acid is chemically similar to the original
The mutated triplet codes for an amino acid not involved with the protein's function - 10What happens to mutations that are beneficial to the organism?They are passed on to future generations by natural selection
- 11Complete the sentences: Mutations can affect whether or not a protein is produced. E.g. if a mutation occurs at the _______ of a gene, so that RNA polymerase can't bind to it and begin ____________, the protein coded for by the gene won't be made. The loss of production of a __________ can have harmful effects - some __________ disorders are caused by this.Mutations can affect whether or not a protein is produced. E.g. if a mutation occurs at the START of a gene, so that RNA polymerase can't bind to it and begin TRANSCRIPTION, the protein coded for by the gene won't be made. The loss of production of a PROTEIN can have harmful effects - some GENETIC disorders are caused by this.
Information
- Description
- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Gene Mutations, created by Deleted user on 05/03/2018.
- Created by
- Deleted user · Mar 2018
- Updated
- Mar 5, 2018
- Views
- 17
- History
-
- Created by Yinka F · Feb 18, 2018
- Copied by Yinka F · Mar 5, 2018
- Rating