Ser V Estar and Tener Notes

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En español usamos dos verbos cuando queremos decir ‘to be’ . In Spanish we use two verbs when we want to say 'to be'.

Estar = To be (temporary)

Ser = To be ( permanent)

What does ‘to be (temporary)’ mean?

To be temporary is used when we are talking about something that we are but not always for example = I am sick, I am tired.

You are not always these things therefore your state of being is subject to change.

There is an acronym as to when to use the verb ‘Estar’ in Spanish. This is : HELPS

H = Health

E = Emotions

L = Location

P = Present continuous

S = State of being

Now that we know scenarios that call for us to use the verb ‘Estar’ how do we form it?

Estar To be (present tense) (temporary)

Yo Estoy I am Tú Estás You are Él/Ella Está He/she/it is Nosotros/nosotras Estamos We are Vosotros/vosotras Estáis You (all) are Ellos/Ellas Están They are

As mentioned above , ‘ser’ is used to describe permanent things.

What are these permanent things?

D = Description

O = Occupation

C = Characteristic

T = Time

O = Origin

R = Relationship

N = Nationality

A = Appearance

P = Posession

Although we change appearance and characteristics from time to time, in Spanish we only use the permanent ‘to be’ verb as it is how we see ourselves at that time.

Now that we now know when to use the verb ‘ser’ , lets look at how to form it in the present tense.

Ser To be (permanent) Yo soy I am Tú eres You are Él/Ella es He/she/it is Nosotros/nosotras somos We are Vosotros/vosotras sois You (all) are Ellos/Ellas son They are

Another commonly used verb in Spanish is the verb ‘to have’ which is ‘Tener’ in Spanish. In Spanish we use the verb ‘Tener’ when we are discussing:

Our age

How many family members we have

Something we possess / own

To describe our hair and our eyes

‘tener’ is often used when we use the word ‘to be’ in English .

For example = I am 15 years old

In Spanish we say = we have 10 years.

Simply put, ‘tener’ can be used for the English translation of:

‘to have’ and ‘to be’ So, how do we form the verb ‘tener’?

Tener To Have Yo tengo I have Tú tienes You have Él/Ella tiene He/she/ it has Nosotros/nosotras tenemos We have Vosotros/vosotras tenéis You (all) have Ellos/Ellas tienen They have

The verbs ‘Tener’ , ‘Ser’ and ‘Estar’ can be associated with emotions and idioms.

Below are a list of useful idioms

Las Emociones The emotions Estar enfadado/a To be angry Estar preocupado/a To be worried Estar confundido/a To be confused Estar feliz To be happy Estar loco/a To be crazy Estar contento/a To be delighted Estar agotado/a To be exhausted Estar nervioso/a To be nervous Estar triste To be sad Estar tímido/a To be shy Estar cansado/a To be sad Estar aburrido/a To be bored Tener miedo To be scared Tener prisa To be in a hurry Tener un dolor en To have a pain in Tener frío To be cold Tener hambre To be hungry Tener miedo To be scared Tener que + whole verb To have to + whole verb Tener suerte To be lucky

Tener __________ años To be _____________ years old Tener los ojos azules/verdes/marrones/grises To have blue/green/brown/grey eyes Tener un coche To have a car Tener cuidado To be careful

Vocabulario para esta semana:

El cuerpo The body La cabeza The head El abrazo The arm El mano The hand El estomago The stomach La cara The face La ceja The eyebrow El ojo The eye El nariz The nose La boca The mouth Los dientes The teeth La garganta The throat El cuello The neck El pecho The chest El hombro The shoulder El codo The elbow La muñeca The wrist El dedo The finger El dedo del pie The toe El pie The foot La rodilla The knee El tobillo The ankl