Hazards: vulnerability and perception of natural risks

Characteristics

• Their origins = clear.
• Effects = distinctive.
• Most only allow a short warning time before the event.
• Exposure to the risk is involuntary. Developed areas = people are aware of the risks.
• The scale and intensity of the event requires and emergency response.

Vulnerability

• 
• Reasons why people put themselves at risk:
• Unpredictable.
• Lack of alternatives - social, economic and cultural factors = people cannot just move.
• The level of risk changes - places which used to be safe are now at high risk.
• Cost/benefit - many hazardous areas offer advantages that for some outweigh the risks.

Perception

• Influenced by:
• Socio-economic status.
• Level of education.
• Occupation/ employment status.
• Religion, cultural/ethic background.
• Family and marital status.
• Past experience.
• Values, personality and expectations.
• Age.
• Past experience.
• Approaches:
• Fatalistic:
• Acceptance.
• Adaption:
• People see that they can prepare for and therefore survive the event through prediction, prevention and protection.

Management