Quiz
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Function
Questions in this quiz (24)
1How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity?
- AAngiotensin II activity is decreased.
- BAngiotensin II activity is elevated.
- CAngiotensin II activity is totally suppressed.
- DAngiotensin II activity is not affected.
2A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types,
what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone
analysis has returned?- AIncrease water intake
- BDecrease soda intake
- CRestrict animal protein in the diet.
- DIngest 1000 mg of calcium a day
3The student asks the professor to explain the role of pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and
magnesium in the formation of kidney stones. What response by the professor is best?- AThey inhibit crystal growth
- BThey stimulate the supersaturation of salt.
- CThey facilitate the precipitation of salts.
- DThey enhance crystallization of salt crystals
4Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?
- ADefective renal calcium reabsorption
- BIntestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium
- CBone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization
- DHyperparathyroidism
5Detrusor hyperreflexia develops from neurologic disorders that originate where?
- ASpinal cord between C2 and C4
- BSpinal cord between S2 and S4
- CAbove the pontine micturition center
- DBelow the cauda equina
6A patient has overactive bladder syndrome. Which classification of drug does the healthcare
professional plan to teach the patient about?- Aβ-Adrenergic blocking medications
- Bα-Adrenergic blocking medications
- CParasympathomimetic medications
- DAnticholinesterase medications
7Bladder cancer is associated with the gene mutation of which gene?
- Ac-erbB2
- BHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
- CTP53
- Dmyc
8A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What
self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of
infection?- ADrink at least eight glasses of water a day.
- BTake medication if you have a fever
- CRest as much as you can in the next few days.
- DAfter using the bathroom, wipe from front to back.
9A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either pyelonephritis or
cystitis. Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?- ADifficulty starting the stream of urine
- BSpasmodic pain that radiates to the groin
- CIncreased glomerular filtration rate
- DUrinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts
10An 85-year-old person has a urinary tract infection. What clinical manifestation does the
healthcare professional expect to see in this person?- AConfusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
- BDysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain
- CHematuria and flank pain
- DPyuria, urgency, and frequency
11Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism?
- ABacteria
- BFungi
- CViruses
- DParasites
12Which abnormal laboratory value is found in glomerular disorders?
- AElevated creatinine concentration
- BLow blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- CElevated immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- DLow serum complement
13Which glomerular lesion is characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with
immune deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3?- AProliferative
- BMembranous
- CMesangial
- DCrescentic
14Goodpasture syndrome is an example of which of these?
- AAntiglomerular basement membrane disease
- BAcute glomerulonephritis
- CChronic glomerulonephritis
- DImmunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy
15A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria
exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. What diagnostic test or treatment
regime does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?- AIntravenous pyelogram
- BOral antibiotics
- CRenal biopsy
- DCyclophosphamide
16Hypothyroidism, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria characterize which kidney disorder?
- ANephrotic syndrome
- BAcute glomerulonephritis
- CChronic glomerulonephritis
- DPyelonephritis
17A patient who has a history of mildly decreased renal function is admitted to the hospital for
IV antibiotics. Which antibiotics would the healthcare professional avoid in this patient?- APenicillin and ampicillin
- BVancomycin and bacitracin
- CGentamicin and tobramycin
- DCefazolin and cefepime
18Which urine characteristics are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) caused by intrinsic
(intrarenal) failure?- AUrine sodium >30 mEq/L
- BUrine osmolality >500 mOsm
- CFractional excretion of sodium (FENa) <1%
- DUrine sediment has no cells, some hyaline casts
19How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?
- AGlucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration.
- BWhen insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it.
- CPotassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell.
- DIncreasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen.
20Creatinine is primarily excreted by glomerular filtration after being constantly released from
what type of tissue?- ANervous system
- BKidneys
- CMuscle
- DLiver
21A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease.
Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information?- AParathyroid hormone is no longer effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels.
- BThe parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone
- CThe synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.
- DThe effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone is impaired.
22A patient who has chronic kidney disease has hemoglobin of 7.2 mg/dL. What treatment does
the healthcare professional prepare the patient for?- AIntrinsic factor
- BVitamin B12
- CVitamin D
- DErythropoietin
23When the right kidney is obstructed, how will the glomeruli and tubules in the left kidney
compensate?- AIncrease in number
- BIncrease in size
- CDevelop collateral circulation
- DIncrease speed of production
24What medical term is used to identify a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an
interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder?- ANeurogenic bladder
- BObstructed bladder
- CNecrotic bladder
- DRetrograde bladder
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- Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition
- Author
- Emily Doyle
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- English
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