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EMT 26
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Questions in this quiz (70)
1A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:
- Aobtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen.
- Bimmobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam
- Callow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable.
- Dperform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine.
2A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes:
- Ahyperventilating her at 30 breaths/min.
- Badministering oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
- Cventilation assistance to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90%.
- Dassisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.
3A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:
- Aretrograde amnesia.
- Banterograde amnesia.
- Cperigrade amnesia.
- Dposttraumatic amnesia.
4A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?
- A2
- B3
- C4
- D5
5A reflex arc occurs when:
- Athe motor nerves function automatically without receiving a message from the CNS.
- Ba sensory nerve sends a message to the brain but the motor nerve fails to send the appropriate response to the body.
- Cthe brain interprets sensory information that it receives from peripheral and cranial nerves and sends a signal to the muscles.
- Da sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve.
6A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:
- Aare found supine and have stable vital signs.
- Bare in a sitting position and are clinically stable.
- Crequire prompt extrication from an automobile.
- Dare sitting in their car and are clinically unstable.
7A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without physical damage to the brain MOST accurately describes a(n):
- Acerebral contusion.
- Bcerebral concussion.
- Cintracranial hemorrhage.
- Dintracerebral hematoma.
8A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:
- Ait interferes with your assessment of the airway.
- Bthe patient must be placed onto a long backboard.
- Cthe patient complains of severe neck or back pain.
- Dthe helmet is equipped with a full face shield or visor.
9After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:
- Aapply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar.
- Bassess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.
- Cthoroughly palpate the patient's head for deformities.
- Duse four people to log roll the patient onto a backboard.
10An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:
- Ableeding between the skull and dura mater.
- Bbleeding between the dura mater and brain.
- Cvenous lacerations that occur within the brain.
- Dan injury caused by a damaged cerebral artery.
11An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:
- Aa rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.
- Ba progressively lowering blood pressure.
- Can acute increase in the patient's pulse rate.
- Dacute unilateral paralysis following the injury.
12Any unresponsive trauma patient should be assumed to have:
- Aa history of diabetes mellitus.
- Ban accompanying spinal injury.
- Ca severe intracranial hemorrhage.
- Dinternal bleeding in the abdomen.
13Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n):
- Aepidural hematoma.
- Bintracerebral hematoma.
- Csubdural hematoma.
- Dintracranial hematoma.
14Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
- Aconstricted pupils.
- Bcombative behavior.
- CCSF leakage from the ears.
- Ddecreased sensory function.
15Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:
- Amastoid process bruising.
- Becchymosis around the eyes.
- Cnoted deformity to the skull.
- Dsuperficial scalp lacerations.
16Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:
- Amedulla.
- Bcerebrum.
- Ccerebellum.
- Dbrain stem.
17Distraction injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:
- Afalls.
- Bdiving.
- Changings.
- Dcompression.
18During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:
- Aassist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.
- Bsuction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.
- Cimmobilize his spine and transport immediately.
- Dpack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood.
19During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:
- Aperform a focused secondary assessment of the patient's head and neck.
- Binstruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.
- Capply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and obtain baseline vital signs.
- Dimmediately place her on a long backboard and prepare for rapid transport.
20Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:
- A12
- B13
- C14
- D15
21If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should:
- Ause rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.
- Bplace sandbags on either side of the patient's head.
- Cask the patient to keep his or her head in a neutral position.
- Ddefer cervical immobilization and apply lateral head blocks.
22In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:
- Adoes not cause pressure within the skull.
- Bresults from a laceration to the brain tissue.
- Cinvolves physical injury to the brain tissue.
- Dusually does not cause a loss of consciousness.
23It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:
- Afainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.
- Bwas restrained during a high-speed motor vehicle crash.
- Chas blood draining from the ears following a head injury.
- Dstruck his or her head and is experiencing nausea or vomiting.
24Lacerations to the scalp:
- Ableed minimally because the scalp has few vessels.
- Buncommonly cause hypovolemic shock in children.
- Cmay be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.
- Dare most commonly associated with skull fractures.
25Moderate elevation in intracranial pressure with middle brain stem involvement is characterized by:
- Aincreased blood pressure, bradycardia, reactive pupils, and rapid respirations.
- Bsluggishly reactive pupils, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and posturing.
- Cataxic respirations, unequal pupils, no response to pain, and an irregular pulse.
- Dfixed and dilated pupils, decreased blood pressure, and irregular respirations.
26Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:
- Athe patient adamantly denies neck pain.
- Blateral immobilization has been applied.
- Cit causes a problem managing the ABCs.
- Dsensory and motor functions remain intact.
27Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:
- Acompression injuries and contusions to the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the brain.
- Bprimary impact to the posterior aspect of the brain, resulting in compression injuries, bruising, or torn blood vessels.
- Cstretching or tearing of the anterior aspect of the brain and compression injuries or bruising to the posterior aspect of the brain.
- Dcompression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.
28The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.
- Asensory
- Bsomatic
- Cautonomic
- Dvoluntary
29The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:
- Acerebellum and brain.
- Bbrain and spinal cord.
- Ccerebrum and meninges.
- Dmeninges and spinal cord.
30The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.
- A5
- B6
- C7
- D8
31The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:
- Aimmediate reassessment following the intervention.
- Ba neurosurgeon or emergency department physician.
- Creassessing the patient's blood pressure after at least 10 minutes.
- Dnoting a decrease in the heart rate during ventilations.
32The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:
- Athoracic, cervical, lumbar, coccygeal, and sacral.
- Bcervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
- Ccoccygeal, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical.
- Dcervical, coccygeal, thoracic, sacral, and lumbar.
33The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:
- Abasilar skull fractures.
- Bcompressed skull fractures
- Clinear skull fractures.
- Dnondisplaced skull fractures.
34The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:
- Amental status, eye opening, and respiratory rate.
- Bsensory response, pupil reaction, and heart rate.
- Cverbal response, eye opening, and mental status.
- Deye opening, verbal response, and motor response
35The hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is:
- Ainsulin.
- Bthyroxine.
- Cepinephrine.
- Daldosterone.
36The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:
- Athe clothes drag.
- Bthe four-person log roll.
- Cto use a scoop stretcher.
- Dthe direct patient carry.
37The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by:
- Aregenerating brain cells after they have been damaged.
- Bacting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.
- Cdelivering oxygen directly to the CNS.
- Dproducing leukocytes that protect the brain from infection.
38The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:
- Aa skull fracture.
- Bcerebral edema.
- Ca hypoxic seizure.
- Dacute hypotension.
39The MOST important treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:
- Aimmobilize the spine.
- Badminister 100% oxygen.
- Cestablish an adequate airway.
- Dtransport to a trauma center.
40The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is:
- Aa pulse that is rapid and thready.
- Ba decreased level of consciousness.
- Can abnormally low blood pressure.
- Ddecreased sensation in the extremities.
41The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:
- Aspinal canal.
- Bvertebral body.
- Cvertebral arch.
- Dintervertebral disc.
42The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the:
- Apia mater.
- Barachnoid.
- Cgray mater.
- Ddura mater.
43The _________ contain(s) about 75% of the brain's total volume.
- Acerebrum
- Bcerebellum
- Cbrain stem
- Dmeninges
44The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.
- Abrain stem
- Bcerebellum
- Cspinal cord
- Dcerebral cortex
45The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
- Acentral
- Bsomatic
- Cautonomic
- Dperipheral
46What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?
- Acentral
- Bsensory
- Csomatic
- Dautonomic
47When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:
- Awill likely be paralyzed from the neck down.
- Bmay lose sensation below the level of the injury.
- Cmost commonly has a palpable spinal deformity.
- Doften loses motor function on one side of the body.
48When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:
- Apupillary constriction.
- Bincrease in heart rate.
- Cshunting of blood to vital organs.
- Ddilation of the bronchiole smooth muscle.
49When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:
- Adetermine if the strength in all extremities is equal.
- Brule out a spinal injury if the patient denies neck pain.
- Cdefer spinal immobilization if the patient is ambulatory.
- Dask the patient to move his or her head to assess for pain.
50When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:
- Afractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma.
- Ba linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure.
- Csignificant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater.
- Drupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.
51When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:
- Apupil size.
- Bblood pressure.
- Cpulse regularity.
- Dlevel of consciousness.
52When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:
- Aelevate the patient's head and apply an ice pack.
- Bapply manual pressure and avoid applying a bandage.
- Cavoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.
- Dapply firm compression for no longer than 5 minutes.
53When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:
- Asecure the head prior to securing the torso and legs.
- Bdefer cervical collar placement to avoid discomfort.
- Cplace the child's head in a slightly extended position.
- Dplace padding under the child's shoulders as needed
54When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:
- Ahave the patient exhale before fastening the torso straps.
- Bsecure the torso and then center the patient on the board.
- Cfollow the commands of the person at the patient's torso.
- Densure that you secure the torso before securing the head.
55When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:
- Aafter the torso has been adequately secured.
- Bafter moving the patient to a long backboard.
- Cafter assessing distal neurovascular functions.
- Dbefore manually stabilizing the patient's head.
56When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:
- Aan appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied.
- Bthe patient has been secured to the ambulance stretcher.
- Cthe head has been stabilized with lateral immobilization.
- Dthe patient has been completely secured to the backboard.
57When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:
- Atongue-jaw lift maneuver.
- Bhead tilt–neck lift maneuver.
- Chead tilt–chin lift maneuver.
- Djaw-thrust maneuver.
58When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.
- Ahead
- Bchest
- Cwaist
- Dlower extremities
59When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:
- Ablood is shunted away from the digestive organs.
- Bthe heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.
- Chormones are released that prepare the body for stress.
- Dheart rate and blood pressure increase.
60Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly?
- Acerebral contusion
- Bsubdural hematoma
- Ccerebral concussion
- Depidural hematoma
61Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?
- Asomatic
- Bconnecting
- Cperipheral
- Dautonomic
62Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord?
- Amotor
- Bcentral
- Csomatic
- Dsensory
63Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing's triad?
- Ablood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min
- Bblood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg; pulse, 120 beats/min; respirations, 10 breaths/min
- Cblood pressure, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min
- Dblood pressure, 80/40 mm Hg; pulse, 30 beats/min; respirations, 32 breaths/min
64Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?
- Alinear
- Bbasilar
- Copen
- Dcompressed
65Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?
- ABloody CSF commonly leaks from the nose.
- BIn most cases, mastoid bruising occurs.
- CThe absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.
- DThey are typically the result of local, low-energy trauma to the head.
66Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct?
- AOnce a cervical collar is applied, you can cease manual head stabilization.
- BA cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.
- CCervical collars are contraindicated in patients with numbness to the extremities.
- DThe patient's head should be forced into a neutral position to apply a cervical collar.
67Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct?
- AThey carry information from the CNS to the muscles.
- BThey perform special functions such as sight, smell, and hearing.
- CThey transmit information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord.
- DThey are part of the CNS and control reflexes.
68Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?
- AIt results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head.
- BBecause cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury.
- CHypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.
- DSigns are often present immediately after an impact to the head.
69Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?
- AThe skull is a subdivision of the cranium.
- BThirty percent of the cranium is occupied by blood.
- CThe cranium protects the structures of the face.
- DEighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.
70You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
- Aslow.
- Bweak.
- Crapid.
- Dirregular.
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- EMT-B EMT Quiz on EMT 26, created by Seth Weaver on 14/06/2018.
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- Seth Weaver
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