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Chapter 5
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Questions in this quiz (20)
1An experiment was designed using school children as subjects to determine whether milk prevented their catching colds. The researcher randomly assigned 100 school children to two groups - one group of 50 to receive a cup of milk at school each day and the other group of 50 to receive no milk at school. What is the response variable? Remember: The response variable is measured on the individual.
- AWhether the child received a cup of milk at school each day
- BWhether the child caught a cold
- CThe number of children who received a cup of milk at school each day
- DThe number of children who caught a cold
2An experiment was designed using school children as subjects to determine whether milk prevented their catching colds. The researcher randomly assigned 100 school children to two groups - one group of 50 to receive a cup of milk at school each day and the other group of 50 to receive no milk at school. In the study described in question 1 above, what is the explanatory variable?
- AWhether the child received a cup of milk at school each day
- BWhether the child caught a cold
- CThe number of children who received a cup of milk at school each day
- DThe number of children who caught colds
3Does ripping off a band-aid hurt less than slowly pulling it off? Researchers plan to compare the two methods by applying two medium sized band-aids to the underside of the right forearm of each of 50 volunteer subjects. One band-aid will be randomly selected to be pulled off with a quick yank while the other will be gently peeled off. The order in which the band-aids are removed will also be randomized. After each band-aid is removed, the subject will be asked, "On a scale of 0 to 10, how much did the removal hurt?--with zero for "no pain" and 10 for "the worst pain imaginable."
- ANo, because the researchers and the subjects knew which treatment they were getting
- BNo, because the researchers did not randomly assign the order of the treatments
- CYes, because neither the researchers nor the subjects knew which treatment they were getting
- DYes, because the researchers randomly assigned the order of the treatments
4Referring to the scenario in question 3, what is the explanatory variable?
- APain score
- BBand-aid size
- CWhich band-aid was removed first
- DMethod of band-aid removal
5Does the study in question 3 incorporate randomization?
- AYes, subjects were randomly sampled.
- BNo, subjects were not randomly sampled.
- CYes, both the order in which the band-aids were removed and which band-aid was removed with which treatment were randomized.
6Four of the following express potential problems to the study described in question 3, but one is NOT a potential problem. Which one of the following is NOT a potential problem?
- AAmount of hair on the subject's arm may affect degree of pain
- BResults may be biased because there is not blinding of subjects as to when they receive which treatment.
- CThe study was not double blind. In fact, it was not even single blind.
- DSubjects may already prefer one method of removal over another, so results may be biased.
- EThe study lacks realism because the subjects can't tell how each band-aid is removed.
7Patients often show improvement even when they get a sugar pill from a doctor rather than the actual medication. What is this phenomenon called?
- APlacebo effect
- BHawthorne effect
- CConfounding
- DBias
8What is the advantage of an experiment over an observational study?
- AAn experiment can be used to establish causation.
- BInference can only be made on experimental results.
- CThe results of an experiment will not be biased.
- DThe explanatory variable will not be confounded with a lurking variable.
9An experiment was designed using school children to determine whether drinking milk prevented their catching colds. The researcher randomly assigned 100 school children to two groups—one group of 50 to receive a cup of milk at school each day and the other group of 50 to receive no milk at school.
Does the study incorporate control/comparison?- AYes, because the "No milk" group was compared to the "Received milk" group.
- BNo, because there was only one treatment of "receive one glass of milk each day" in the study.
10An experiment was designed using school children to determine whether drinking milk prevented their catching colds. The researcher randomly assigned 100 school children to two groups—one group of 50 to receive a cup of milk at school each day and the other group of 50 to receive no milk at school.
Does the study incorporate replication?- ANo, since they only did the experiment once.
- BYes, since there were 50 children in each treatment group.
- CYes, since there were 100 children total that were tested
11In studies of worker productivity, it has been noticed that any change in the work environment together with the knowledge that a study is underway will produce a short-term increase in productivity. This is known as
- Aplacebo effect
- Bhawthorne effect
- Cdiagnostic bias
- Dnon-compliance
12To test the effectiveness of using a dab of honey to prevent infection in a cut, parents of children in a childcare facility were instructed to wash the wounds of their children with soap and water and then place a dab of honey on the cut. Each cut was then monitored for infection. At the end of the study, the percentage of cuts that became infected was computed. Why is this NOT a valid experiment?
- AThere is no randomization.
- BThere is no blinding - parents may use more care and those monitoring for infection may be less stringent in their diagnosis.
- CThere is no control group that gets a placebo for comparison.
- DParents may be more careful of the cuts of their children since they know they are in an experiment.
- EAll of these answers are correct.
13Medical experiments are often double blind in nature. What does this mean?
- AThe subjects in the control group receive a placebo treatment.
- BNeither the subject nor the person evaluating the subject (the doctor or nurse) knows which treatment the subject receives.
- CAll data on individuals are kept confidential
- DSubjects are randomly assigned to treatments without the doctor's knowing how the randomizing was done.
14An educational software company wants to compare the effectiveness of its computer animation for teaching about supply and demand curves with that of a textbook presentation. The company tests the economic knowledge of a number of first-year college students, then randomly divides them into two groups. One group uses the animation, and the other studies the text. The company retests all the students and compares the increase in economic understanding in the groups. Is the study described above an experiment? Why or why not?
- AIt is not an experiment because there is no attempt to influence the responses on the tests on economic understanding.
- BIt is not an experiment because it does deliberately impose a condition on the first-year college students.
- CIt is an experiment because it only measures students' economic knowledge.
- DIt is an experiment because the students were randomly assigned to either the animation group or the textbook group.
15Because more questions about statistics have been added to the state exam, a school district decided to add a probability-statistics unit to their ninth-grade general mathematics course. To determine whether the unit will have an impact on scores on the state exam, all ninth-grade students enrolled in a general mathematics course in the largest high school in the school district were randomly allocated into two groups. One group of 281 students received instruction in a new probability and statistics unit in addition to the traditional instruction; the other group of 311 students received only traditional instruction. Students in both groups were given the state exam at the end of ninth grade to determine whether the group receiving additional instruction in probability and statistics had a higher average score than the group receiving just traditional instruction.
Does this study incorporate the principle of control or comparison?- AYes, because the group of students receiving only traditional instruction can be considered a control or comparison group. The group of students receiving the additional instruction of probability-statistics can be considered the active treatment group.
- BNo, because there was not a group of students who did not receive any instruction.
16The placebo effect happens when subjects improve because they have confidence in the medical provider and hope in the medication, even when they may not be receiving the treatment.
- ATrue
- BFalse
17Because more questions about statistics have been added to the state exam, a school district decided to add a probability-statistics unit to their ninth-grade general mathematics course. To determine whether the unit will have an impact on scores on the state exam, all ninth-grade students enrolled in a general mathematics course in the largest high school in the school district were randomly allocated into two groups. One group of 281 students received instruction in a new probability and statistics unit in addition to the traditional instruction; the other group of 311 students received only traditional instruction. Students in both groups were given the state exam at the end of ninth grade to determine whether the group receiving additional instruction in probability and statistics had a higher average score than the group receiving just traditional instruction.
Who are the subjects in this study?- AThe classrooms receiving the traditional instruction.
- BThe classrooms receiving the new instruction.
- CNinth-grade students enrolled in a general mathematics course.
- DAll high school students.
18Because more questions about statistics have been added to the state exam, a school district decided to add a probability-statistics unit to their ninth-grade general mathematics course. To determine whether the unit will have an impact on scores on the state exam, all ninth-grade students enrolled in a general mathematics course in the largest high school in the school district were randomly allocated into two groups. One group of 281 students received instruction in a new probability and statistics unit in addition to the traditional instruction; the other group of 311 students received only traditional instruction. Students in both groups were given the state exam at the end of ninth grade to determine whether the group receiving additional instruction in probability and statistics had a higher average score than the group receiving just traditional instruction.
Does the study described incorporate the principle of replication?- AYes, because there were 281 students in one group and 311 in the other group (more than one individual per treatment group)
- BNo, because the study was not repeated another year (the experiment only happened once)
19Because more questions about statistics have been added to the state exam, a school district decided to add a probability-statistics unit to their ninth-grade general mathematics course. To determine whether the unit will have an impact on scores on the state exam, all ninth-grade students enrolled in a general mathematics course in the largest high school in the school district were randomly allocated into two groups. One group of 281 students received instruction in a new probability and statistics unit in addition to the traditional instruction; the other group of 311 students received only traditional instruction. Students in both groups were given the state exam at the end of ninth grade to determine whether the group receiving additional instruction in probability and statistics had a higher average score than the group receiving just traditional instruction.
Does the study described incorporate the principle of randomization?- AYes, because we are told that "students . . . were randomly allocated . . ."
- BNo, because students registered for whichever section they wanted.
20Because more questions about statistics have been added to the state exam, a school district decided to add a probability-statistics unit to their ninth-grade general mathematics course. To determine whether the unit will have an impact on scores on the state exam, all ninth-grade students enrolled in a general mathematics course in the largest high school in the school district were randomly allocated into two groups. One group of 281 students received instruction in a new probability and statistics unit in addition to the traditional instruction; the other group of 311 students received only traditional instruction. Students in both groups were given the state exam at the end of ninth grade to determine whether the group receiving additional instruction in probability and statistics had a higher average score than the group receiving just traditional instruction.
What is the explanatory variable in this study?- AThe exam taken at the end of the year.
- BThe high school a student attended.
- CThe type of general mathematics instruction received: new instruction or traditional instruction.
- DThe new instruction.
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- Statistics Quiz on Chapter 5, created by sarah wood on 24/01/2019.
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- sarah wood
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