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BI256 Final Exam Study Set
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Questions in this quiz (56)
1Parasitic nematodes
- Aexist in every major animal group from sponges to mammals
- Bcan have extensive migrations within vertebrate hosts
- Chave enormous reproductive capacities
- Dcan attain greater sizes than non-parasites.
- EAll of the above.
2Elephantiasis is an enlargement of legs, arms, scrotum, and other tissues caused by
- Acontracting a disease that usually occurs in elephants
- Bmicroscopic filarial nematodes that reproduce and clog lymph glands, causing infection and swelling
- Can infection of the human coelom by ascaris
- Da large number of trichinella worms encysting in our muscles
- Ea protozoan that lives in tropical roundworms and which, when ingested by humans, causes muscles to bloat
3Parasitic hook worms feed on
- AThe host’s intestinal flora
- BBy absorption of nutrients from the host’s intestine.
- CThe host’s blood
- DThe host’s intestinal epithelial tissue.
- EAll of the above.
4In the soil food web, nematodes are important
- Aconsumers of soil bacteria.
- BAll are correct.
- Cnutrient recyclers.
- Dconsumers of soil fungi.
- Efood for other animals and other nematodes.
5Innervation of nematode locomotory muscles is unusual because the nerve cord sends processes to the muscle cells rather than vice versa.
- ATrue
- BFalse
6The fact that nematodes use their body cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton is potentially problematic for
- Afeeding (food ingestion).
- Bgastrulation
- Cfood passage down the intestine.
- DAll of these things.
- Edefecation
7The lifecycle of the Ascaris round worms
- Ainvolves encystment of juvenile within muscle
- Btakes place entirely within the digestive tract during juvenile and adult stages.
- Cinvolves an extensive migration within the host's body from the gut to blood, to lung, and back to the gut.
- DNone of the above.
- EAll of the above.
8Nematodes do NOT ...
- Ahave a smooth unsegmented outside body wall.
- Black circular muscles under the tegument.
- Chave all three germ cell layers in the body.
- Dhave free-living species.
- Ehave a eucoelomic body cavity that provides a hydrostatic skeleton.
9Gas exchange in large decapod crustaceans such as the crayfish takes place at
- ABook lungs inside the carapace
- BTracheal tubes throughout the body
- CA cluster of alveoli (air sacs) under the tail
- DA set of gills under the carapace
- EA set of gills along the underside of the tail
10Crustaceans with nauplius larva undergo a metamorphosis during their development.
- ATrue
- BFalse
11In the freshwater crayfish, the green gland
- AExcretes of nitrogenous wastes.
- BExcretes water and aids in ion balance.
- CExcretes both nitrogenous waste and excess water.
- DIncreases oxygen absorption for respiration
- ESecretes fluids to aid digestion
12Isopods (pill bugs)
- Apossess the ancestral crustacean body plan.
- Bare the most abundant crustaceans in the oceans.
- Care laterally flattened.
- Dinclude the only truly terrestrial crustacean.
- Ebelong to the insecta.
13The homology observed in the paired appendages of crustaceans such as crayfish is a condition called
- Aarthropodization.
- Btelsonization.
- Cconvergent evolution.
- Danalogous homology.
- Eserial homology.
14Flicker-fusion is the rate at which a series of still pictures become fused into a moving picture. How do most flying insects compare to humans and why?
- AFlying insects have a faster rate that is an advantage flying through a crowded landscape
- BThere is no way to determine what an insect can see or test why it developed
- CFlying insects have a slower rate because a faster rate would have no advantage for them
- DFlying insects have a slower rate because they are not as evolutionarily advanced as mammals
- EFlying insects have a faster rate because they are smaller
15In terrestrial insects, oxygen is delivered to respiring tissues
- Asimple diffusion across the sclerites of the exoskeleton.
- Bvia the circulatory system dissolved in the hemolymph from the lungs.
- Cdirectly via the tracheal system
- Dboth the tracheal system and circulatory system.
- Evia the circulatory system bound to hemoglobin from the lungs.
16The catabolism of proteins results in nitrogenous waste that is excreted as ________ in most insects.
- Aammonia
- Bpotassium
- Camino acids
- Durea
- Euric acid
17Diapause
- Ais a period of dormancy in which development is arrested.
- BAll are correct.
- Cis a period of dormancy like estivation.
- Dis a period of dormancy like hibernation.
- Eoccurs during metamorphosis in animals.
18The insect compound eye
- Acontain thousands of ommatidia.
- Bcan only detect light in the “visible” spectrum (400-700nm).
- Care limited to a forward field of vision (much like our own eyes).
- DAll are correct.
- Eproduces a sharp image especially at distance.
19The hemichordate stomochord is homologous with the chordate notochord.
- ATrue
- BFalse
20The hemichordate _________ demonstrates their relationship (link) to echinoderms.
- Amucus covered body.
- Btornaria larvae
- Cgill slits
- Dglomerular kidney
- Erudimentary notochord
21The function of the papulae in the sea star skin is
- Areproduction.
- Bdigestion.
- Cosmoregulation.
- Ddefence and protection.
- Erespiration (gas exchange).
22The echinoderms are _____.
- Aprotostomes.
- Bsecondarily pentaradiate or biradiate as adults.
- Chighly intelligent.
- Dall completely enclosed in an endoskeletal test or shell.
- EAll are correct.
23The "water vascular system" of sea cucumbers is filled with seawater.
- ATrue
- BFalse
24Vertebrate head and sense organ development was largely the result of which two embryonic innovations?
- ANeural crest and ectodermal placodes
- BPharynx and endocrine system
- CLiving endoskeleton and highly differentiated brain
- D10 to 12 pairs of cranial nerves and an autonomic nervous system
- EAppearance of an outer epidermis and an inner dermis
25What skeletal-muscular modification are associated with the success of early vertebrates?
- Anotochord and V shaped muscle myomeres.
- Bexoskeleton and W shaped muscle myomeres
- Cexdoskeleton and V shaped muscle myomeres.
- Dendoskeleton and V shaped muscle myomeres.
- Eendoskeleton and W shaped muscle myomeres
26All chordates have the following characteristic in at least one phase of their lifecycle EXCEPT
- AAn endostyle or thyroid gland
- BA single, ventral, tubular nerve cord
- CPharyngeal grooves/pouches/slits
- DA notochord
- EA postanal tail
27The name Urochordata means literally
- A"larval swimmer"
- B"tunic chordates."
- C"kidney chordates."
- D"tail chordates."
- E"head chordates.“
28The cephalochordate lancelet has the ancestral chordate body plan.
- ATrue
- BFalse
29The paired fins of gnathostome fishes ___________.
- Aare lost in some groups (e.g. eel pelvic fins).
- Bcan provide lift.
- Cimprove maneuverability
- Dimprove propulsion for swimming.
- EAll are correct
30The rectal gland in sharks (elasmobranchs)
- Aperforms salt (NaCl) secretion for ion regulation.
- Bis involved in reproduction.
- Cperforms urea secretion for osmoregulation.
- Dis involved in electroreception (detecting bioelectric fields).
- Eis involved in digestion.
31In phystoclistous fishes, the gas/swim bladder is inflated and deflated by _______ and _______, respectively.
- Asecretion of gas by the ovale; reabsorption of gas through the gas gland
- Bsecretion of gas by the gas gland; reabsorption of gas through the ovale
- Cswallowing; burping out air
- Drelaxation; contraction of swim bladder skeletal muscle
- Erelaxation; contraction of swim bladder smooth muscle
32The jaw likely originally evolved to aid in respiration (breathing).
- ATrue
- BFalse
33Lamprey
- Ahave larvae that resemble lancelet (amphioxus) in appearance.
- Bfeed parasitically as juveniles
- Chave tidal respiration when parasitically feeding.
- DAll of the choices are correct
- Einclude some species that are anadromous.
34The “Mandibulate hypothesis”, supported by molecular genetic evidence, indicates that chelicerates (e.g spiders) belong to the clade Mandibulata.
- ATrue
- BFalse
35How are the body regions (tagmata) of chelicerates organized?
- AHead and trunk
- BHead, thorax and abdomen
- CCephalothorax and abdomen
- DThorax and abdomen
- ESingle body region (all fused)
36Spider silk
- AIs only produced by those orb-web spiders that form webs to catch insects
- BIs very strong but cannot be stretched without breaking (poor tensile strength)
- CHas different properties to match the silk’s use (e.g. orb web, guide lines, lining nest, cocoon)
- DIs formed as solid coiled threads internally that can be uncoiled and used whenever needed
- EAll of the choices are correct
37What does "biramous" mean in crustaceans?
- ATwo large pincers
- BTwo pair of antennae
- CJointed appendages having two branches
- DA telson tail
- EA body divided into two regions, the cephalothorax, and abdomen
38Anatomical how do crustacea differ from other arthropod groups?
- AA hemocoel is only found in Crustacea
- BOnly crustaceans have chitinous exoskeletons
- COnly Crustacea possess a two-part body plan of cephalothorax and abdomen
- DOnly Crustacea possess a telson tail
- EOnly crustaceans have two pairs of antennae
39What is the fate of the old endocuticle after molting?
- AIt is shed with the epicuticle.
- BIt is shed with the epicuticle and exocuticle.
- CIt hydrates to become larger.
- DIt is dissolved and reabsobed. The Ca2+ is stored as gastoliths for reuse.
- EIt is retained and simply stretches out.
40What makes insects different from other arthropods?
- AHave paired, jointed legs
- BHave mandibles
- CHave a single pair of antennae
- DHave tagmata or fused segments
- EHave ectognathous mouthparts
41The example illustrated is of _______________ development in an insect.
- Aholometabolous
- Bhemimetabolous
- Cparametabolous
- Ddirect development
- ENone of the above
42The group representing a link between protostomes and deuterostomes?
- AHemichordates
- BArthropods
- CHexapoda
- DChaetognaths
- EEchinoderms
43A parasitism of a parasite is a condition called
- AHyperparasitism
- BPhytophagous
- CSaprophagous
- DHyperpredaceous
- EParasitoidism
44Tube feet run along the ___________ groove that extends along the oral side from the mouth to the tip of each arm.
- AHemal
- BBranchial
- CDermal
- DLateral
- EAmbulacral
45The most active of all echinoderms are the
- ASea urchins
- BSea stars
- CSea cucumbers
- DBrittle stars
- ECrinoids (sea lilies)
46How do the tube feet of sea stars and sea urchins operate?
- ASticky threads lead back to the mouth and primitive brain
- BCilia transport hemolymph from chamber to chamber
- CActin and myosin in muscles in the five arms or "rays" constrict the tube feet directly when stimulated by nerves from the sea star brain
- DA hydraulic system regulates water pressure in the tube feet
- EEach tube foot is an independent organism and the sea star is a colonial mass
47Which of the following is not a chordate hallmark feature?
- APost anal tail (with nerve and notochord).
- BTubular dorsal (relative to gut) nerve cord.
- CNotochord.
- DGills.
- EEndostyle (Thyroid gland).
48Adult ascidians (tunicates) have all five chordate hallmarks.
- ATrue
- BFalse
49Moving from fishes to amphibians, we see a general conversion from
- A3-chambered to 4-chambered heart
- BAll-eggs-in-water to all-eggs-on-land
- CThe lateral line to senses of smell and hearing (aquatic to aerial senses)
- DMoist skin to skin protective of water loss
- EAll of the choices are correct
50An advancement that non-avian reptiles show over amphibians is
- AA tough, scaly skin that provides protection against desiccation
- BHigh-pressure cardiovascular system
- CA shelled egg that can be laid on dry land
- DMore muscular jaws
- EAll of the choices are non-avian reptilian advancements
51Crocodiles have a complete secondary palate that allows them to
- ACool off in hot weather by "gaping."
- BBreathe while the mouth is filled with water or food.
- CSmell the animal that they have seized
- DMake loud mating calls
- EDetect the warmth of prey
52Birds are a monophyletic group
- ATrue
- BFalse
53Bird feathers are
- ALiving structures that continue to grow longer as the bird gets older.
- BNever shed, except by accident.
- CShed in a highly orderly manner.
- DCommonly shed all at once, and then gradually replaced.
- EReplaced only after one is lost
54The vertebral column of a bird has been modified so it is
- AMuch longer and more flexible
- BSpringy and elastic to store energy for flight
- CRigid with many vertebrae fused together
- DBroad to assist in aerodynamic lift
- ENo longer connected to the ribs
55The defining feature of the Ecdysozoans is
- AThe Cuticle
- BCoelomate
- CThat they must molt their cuticle to grow
- DSensory development
- ENone of the above
56The nematode Coenorhabditis elegans has allowed scientists to develop "fate maps" tracing cell lines back to cell origins. The trait of nematodes and some other related groups where they have a set number of cell divisions leading to the same number of body cells in an adult is called
- ACryptobiosis
- BAnisogamy
- CApoptosis
- DGastrulation
- EEutely
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- Biology Quiz on BI256 Final Exam Study Set, created by Shelby Stuebing on 31/03/2019.
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- Shelby Stuebing
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