Quiz
AnS 352 Final Exam Vocab Review
Questions in this quiz (99)
1A set of rules for deciding which males are mated to which females
- ABreeding Objectives
- BMating System
- CEpistasis
- DBreeding Pyramid
2A polygenic trait is:
- AA trait affected by one gene
- BA trait that is expresses using numbers
- CA trait that is expresses in categories
- DA trait affected by many genes
3When _____ gene action is expressed, the performance of the heterozygote is exactly between the expression of the homozygote
- AAdditive
- BComplete Dominance
- CIncomplete Dominance
- DOver-Dominance
4When _____ gene action is expressed, the performance of the heterozygote is identical to the dominant homozygote.
- AEpistasis
- BComplete Dominance
- CIncomplete Domiance
- DOver-Dominance
5When _____ gene action is expressed, the performance of the heterozygote is outside the range of the two homozygotes
- AAdditive
- BEpistasis
- CIncomplete Dominance
- DOver-Dominance
6Epistasis is a phenomenon in which:
- AParental genes are randomly sampled
- BExpression of the heterozygote is not exactly intermediate to the two homozygotes
- CPhenotypic expression is limited to one sex
- DGenes from different loci interact to affect the expression of a phenotype
7The X and Y chromosomes are referred to as:
- Aautosomes
- B heterozomes
- Callosomes
- Dfilialsomes
8Which mode of inheritance refers to phenotypic expression that occurs in only one sex?
- ASex-Limited
- BSex-Influenced
- CSex-Chromosome
- DSex-Linked
9How do we refer to the pattern of inheritance for genes located on the sex chromosomes?
- ASex-Limited
- BOver-Dominance
- C Additive
- DSex-Linked
10Which mode of inheritance refers to gene expression that is different in males vs. females?
- ASex-Limited
- BSex-Influenced
- CSex-Chromosome
- DSex-Linked
11Consider a hypothetical locus for resistance/susceptibility to the PRRS (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome) virus with alleles Pr and Ps. When exposed to the PRRS virus as a young age, PrPr individuals survive 85% of the time while PsPs individuals survive 25% of the time. What is the value of survival percentage for PrPs individuals if the locus exhibits additive gene action?
- A85%
- B55%
- C40%
- D25%
12Consider a hypothetical locus for resistance/susceptibility to the PRRS (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome) virus with alleles Pr and Ps. When exposed to the PRRS virus as a young age, PrPr individuals survive 85% of the time while PsPs individuals survive 25% of the time. What is the range of values of survival percentage for PrPs individuals if the locus exhibits incomplete dominance and Pr is the dominant allele?
- A55% to 85%
- BGreater than 85%
- C25% to 55%
- DLess than 25%
13 Consider a hypothetical locus for resistance/susceptibility to the PRRS (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome) virus with alleles Pr and Ps. When exposed to the PRRS virus as a young age, PrPr individuals survive 85% of the time while PsPs individuals survive 25% of the time. What is the range of values of survival percentage for PrPs individuals if the locus exhibits over-dominance and Ps is the dominant allele?
- A55% to 85%
- BGreater than 85%
- C25% to 55%
- DLess than 25%
14The definition of a gene frequency is:
- AFrequency of a single locus genotype with a population
- Bfrequency of a single locus within an individual
- CFrequency of a given allele within an individual
- DFrequency of a given allele within a population
15Within a given population, 92 individuals are BB, 123 individuals are Bb, and 145 individuals are bb. What is the total number of alleles at this given locus?
- A307
- B360
- C413
- D720
16Within a given population, 92 individuals are BB, 123 individuals are Bb, and 145 individuals are bb.
What is the genotypic frequency for the Bb genotype?- A74.80%
- B34.17%
- C84.83%
- D17.08%
17Which of the following is NOT a condition of the Hardy Weinberg law?
- ANo Selection
- BLarge Population
- CLow Mutation Rate
- DRandomly Mating Population
18Assuming all of the conditions of the Hardy Weinberg law have been met and the parental allele frequencies are pM = 0.25 and pm = 0.75 at the M locus, what is the expected frequency of the Mm genotype in the progeny?
- A0.1875
- B0.3750
- C0.0625
- D0.5625
19What effects do mutations have on a population?
- Aincrease the amount of genetic variance in the population
- Blower the frequency of favorable alleles in the population
- Cdecrease the amount of genetic variance in the population
- Dincrease the frequency of favorable alleles in the population
20Which of the following factors increases the amount homozygosity within a population?
- AMutation
- BOutbreeding
- CMigration
- DInbreeding
21Within a given population, 92 individuals are BB, 123 individuals are Bb, and 145 individuals are bb. What is the frequency of the b allele at this locus?
- A40.28%
- B42.64%
- C54.96%
- D57.36%
22Within a given population, sires have allele frequencies of pA = 0.64 and qa = 0.36 at the A locus. Dams have allele frequencies of pA = 0.52 and qa = 0.48 at the A locus. What is the expected frequency of the Aa genotype in the progeny of these sires and dams?
- A33.28%
- B49.44%
- C24.96%
- D17.28%
23Given the following information, what is the gene frequency of the Y allele in this population?
- A33%
- B50%
- C67%
- D75%
24Which of the following is NOT a result of inbreeding?
- AIncrease the likelihood of homozygotes in the population
- BIncrease overall genetic variance within the population
- CIncreased expression of deleterious recessive alleles
- DIncreased phenotypic uniformity among relatives
25A decrease in population performance following an increase in the number of homozygotes and reduction of genetic variance in a population is called:
- AOutbreeding
- BPrepotency
- CInbreeding Depression
- DTransmitting Ability
26An individual’s value as a parent is known as
- ATransmitting ability
- BPrepotency
- CProducing Ability
- DBreeding Value
27The predicted breeding value for the offspring created from a single mating is calculated as:
- AP = µ + G + E
- BBV= 1/2PD =1/2PD
- CBV (offspring)= 1/2 BV sire= 1/2 Dam
- DP offspring= mew = 1/2BV sire=1/2BVDam + E
28Traits for which animals typically have more than one performance record are:
- APolygenic Traits
- BRepeated Traits
- CSimply Inherited Traits
- DQuantitative traits
29Which of the following values contains BOTH genetic and environmental components
- AProducing Ability
- BBreeding Value
- CGene Combination Value
- DTransmitting Ability
30Which of the following is an estimate of a population measure?
- AAnimal value
- BSample statistic
- CPopulation parameter
- DBreeding Value
31Calculate the sample mean of the following weaning weight data (lb.).
- A48.04 lbs.
- B60.05 lbs.
- C120.1 lbs.
- D240.2 lbs.
32Calculate the variance for the following set of data (in.).
- A0.0313 in2
- B0.1563 in2
- C0.0391 in2
- D0.1977 in2
33The mean for a given set of data was calculated to be 64.56cM. The variance was calculated to be 306.25cM2. What is the standard deviation for this dataset?
- A12.85 cM
- B14.25 cM
- C15.95 cM
- D17.50 cM
34The mean for a given dataset was calculated to be 10.75lbs. The variance was calculated to be 12.25lbs2. What is the range of values for which you would expect 95% of the population to fall in?
- A 3.75-17.75lb
- B7.25-14.25lb
- C0-23lb
- D0.25-21.25lb
35Which of the following represents the correct unit(s) to express a covariance between loin muscle depth (in.) and mature weight (lb.) in pigs?
- Ain.2
- Blb.2
- Cin•lb
- DNone of the above
36In a sampling of cattle from a large population, the average birth weight is 72lb. and the average yearling weight is 772lb. The standard deviation for birth weight is 9.5lb and the standard deviation for yearling weight is 57lb. The covariance that was calculated for the two traits is 216lb•lb. What is the phenotypic correlation for this trait?
- A0.1319
- B0.2274
- C0.0738
- D0.3989
37The measure of the strength of the relationship between breeding values for one trait and breeding values in another trait are known as _________:
- AGenetic Correlation
- BPhenotypic Correlation
- CEnvironmental Correlation
- DStatistic Correlation
38In a sampling of cattle from a large population, the average birth weight is 72lb. and the average yearling weight is 772lb. The variance for birth weight is 90.25lb2 and the variance for yearling weight is 3249lb2. The covariance that was calculated for the two traits is 216lb•lb. Calculate the regression coefficient for a regression of birth weight on yearling weight.
- A 36
- B2.393
- C0.066
- D0.2798
39Which of the following is NOT a measure that encompasses information from two separate traits
- ACorrelation
- BVariance
- CCovariance
- DRegression
40In a sampling of pigs from a large population, the average birth weight is 3.461lb and the average weaning weight is 46.603lb. The variance for birth weight is 0.1017lb2 and the variance for weaning weight is 20.5416lb2. The covariance that was calculated for the two traits is 1.3314lb•lb. Calculate the regression coefficient for a regression of weaning weight on birth weight.
- A0.0648 lbs/lb
- B13.0974 lbs/lb
- C0.9214 lbs/lb
- D22.9145 lbs/lb
41What is the possible range for a covariance?
- A0 to 1
- B-1 to 1
- C0 to 100%
- DThere is no range
42In a sampling of cattle from a large population, the average weaning weight (WW) is 464lb and the mean average daily gain (ADG) is 2.53lb/day. The regression coefficient for weaning weight on average daily gain 43.59lb per 1lb/day. Predict what the weaning weight of an animal that has an average daily gain of 2.67lb/day.
- A470.1026 lbs
- B457.8974 lbs
- C580.3853 lbs
- D520.6479 lbs
43Heritability is:
- Athe relationship between the phenotypic values and the permanent environmental effect for a given trait
- Bthe relationship between the breeding values and the environmental effects for a given trait
- Cthe relationship between the phenotypic values and the breeding values for a given trait
- Dthe relationship between the breeding values and producing abilities for a given trait
44Repeatability is:
- Athe relationship between the phenotypic values and the permanent environmental effect for a given trait
- Bthe relationship between the breeding values and the producing abilities for a given trait
- Cthe relationship between the phenotypic values and the breeding values for a given trait
- Dthe relationship between the phenotypic values and producing abilities for a given trait
45Adjusting milk yield phenotypes by the age of the cow would improve our heritability estimate by:
- Adecreasing environmental variance, thus reducing the overall phenotypic variance
- Bdecreasing breeding value variance, thus reducing the overall phenotypic variance
- Cincreasing environmental variance, thus increasing the overall phenotypic variance
- Dincreasing breeding value variance, thus increasing the overall phenotypic variance
46Given the following information, calculate the heritability of this hypothetical trait:
σ2BV = 21.45 σ2GCV = 14.92 σ2E = 47.81- A0.57
- B0.25
- C0.45
- D0.18
47Given the following information, calculate the repeatability of this hypothetical trait:
σ2BV = 21.45 σ2GCV = 14.92 σ2Ep = 12.64 σ2Et = 35.17- A0.25
- B0.43
- C0.15
- D0.58
48Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT true?
- AThe range for heritability is 0 to 1.
- BIt is very difficult to make genetic progress in a trait that is highly heritable.
- CHeritability can vary from generation to generation within a population.
- DRelatives tend to resemble each other in traits that are highly heritable.
49Which of the following statements can describe a contemporary group?
- AA group of animals that have experienced similar management practices.
- BA group of animals that are in the same location
- CA group of animals that are similar in age
- DAll of the above
50Which of the following measures tells us if an animal’s single phenotype is a good indicator of their breeding value?
- ARepeatability
- BHeritability
- CAccuracy of Selection
- DIntensity of Selection
51If 15% of the animals are selected, the intensity of selection is 1.55. What does 1.55 actually represent?
- AThe mean of the selected animals is 1.55
- BThe standard deviation of the selected animals is 1.55
- CThe mean of the selected animals is 1.55 standard deviations away from the population mean
- DWe are selecting 1.55% of the population
52The Generation Interval is the:
- AThe average age of potential parents when they are bred
- BThe average age of parents when their offspring are selected
- CThe average age of potential parents when they are selected
- DThe average age of parents when their offspring are born
53The change in the mean breeding value of a population over time is called a:
- AGenetic Trend
- BGeneration Interval
- CGenetic Variation
- DSelection Intensity
54In a swine population, 210 litters are produced each generation. There are 7 pigs/litter than make it to selection age. Assuming 25 boars and 250 gilts are selected for growth rate each generation, what is the proportion of females selected?
- A0.10
- B0.17
- C0.34
- D0.84
55In a swine population, 210 litters are produced each generation. There are 7 pigs/litter than make it to selection age. Assuming 25 boars and 250 gilts are selected for growth rate each generation, what is the proportion of males selected?
- A0.12
- B0.017
- C0.034
- D0.10
56Given the following information. What is the generation interval for males in this population?
- A0.2174 yr
- B0.5241 yr
- C1.9079 yr
- D2.2754 yr
57The following genetic parameters have been calculated for a population of Angora goats. If the σBV for 8-month weight is 4 lb., what is the genetic change expected in this population?
- A0.147 lb./year
- B0.588 lb./year
- C1 lb./year
- D1.25 lb./year
58Which of the following pieces of information would NOT be included in genetic predictions?
- AOwn performance record
- BPedigree performance data
- CEnvironmental data
- DProgeny performance data
59What is the name of the most widely used genetic prediction method?
- ABest Linear Unbiased Prediction
- BSire Summary
- CSelection Index
- DLarge-scale genetic evaluation
60The strength of the relationship between breeding values for two traits is called:
- APhenotypic Correlation
- BGenetic Correlation
- CBreeding Value Covariance
- DRegression of Breeding Values
61Pleiotropy is:
- AHow close genes are on a chromosome
- BMating of relatives
- CWhen a single gene affects more than one trait
- DWhen multiple genes affect a single trait
62A phenotypic correlation between two traits is always:
- AThe sum of the genetic and environmental correlations
- BThe product of the genetic and environmental correlations
- CGreater than the genetic and environmental correlations
- DBetween the genetic and environmental correlations
63A genetic correlation of -0.25 indicates:
- AA weak negative relationship between breeding values for two traits
- BA moderate negative relationship between breeding values for two traits
- CA strong negative relationship between breeding values for two traits
- DA non-existent genetic relationship
64The range for a genetic correlation is
- A0 to 1
- B-1 to 1
- C0% to 100%
- Dthere is no range
65Selection for one trait for a period of time followed by selection for a second trait for a period of time is called:
- ASelection Index
- BTandem Selection
- CIndependent Culling
- DGenetic Trend
66A(n) ________is a level of breeding value that is considered optimal.
- AIndependent Culling Level
- BIndex value
- CSelection Target
- DSelection Intensity
67Which of the following is NOT a benefit using independent culling levels?
- ASave money by eliminating rejects earlier
- BShortens the generation interval
- CSimultaneous selection for multiple traits
- DConvenience of selection at different stages in the animal’s life
68Which of the following multiple-trait selection strategies is the fastest, most efficient way to improve multiple traits at the same time?
- A Economic Selection Index
- BTandem Selection
- CSingle-Trait Selection
- DIndependent Culling
69A(n)________ is a value that represents an individual’s genetic merit across more than one trait.
- AIndependent Culling Level
- BGenetic Correlation
- CAggregate Breeding Value
- DEconomic Weight
70Given the arrow diagram below, identify the common ancestor(s) of X and Y.
- AB, L, M,
- BA, B, C,
- CB, C, M
- DA, B, L, M
71Given the arrow diagram below, identify the common ancestor(s) of the parents of X.
- AA
- BB
- CA, B, C
- DX, Y
72Genes that are copies of a single ancestral gene are said to be:
- AHomozygous
- B Inbred
- CHeterozygous
- DIdentical By Decent
73 Identify which of the following notations correctly indicates the following:
37% of the individual X’s loci contain genes that are identical by descent- AFX = 0.37
- BFX = 0.0037
- CRXY = 0.37
- D RXY = 1 - 0.37
74The numerical relationship coefficient between half sibs of non-inbred parents is always:
- A0.125
- B0.25
- C0.375
- D0.5
75True or False? In certain situations an animal can be considered its own common ancestor.
- ATrue
- BFalse
76The population of animals whose parents are unknown or ignored in the pedigree are known as:
- AA sample population
- BCommon ancestors
- CInbred individuals
- DA base population
77Which method should you choose for calculating relationship and inbreeding coefficients in a pedigree of 103,970 individuals?
- ATabular method
- B BLUP algorithms
- CPath method
- DFormula
78A mating system designed to maintain a substantial degree of relationship to a highly regarded ancestor or group is called:
- A Inbreeding
- BOutbreeding
- CCrossbreeding
- DLine-breeding
79A relationship matrix has been calculated for a small population and is given below. Calculate the relationship coefficient between X and C.
- A0.25
- B0.44
- C0.55
- D0.69
80 Which of the following is NOT a result of crossbreeding?
- AHybrid vigor
- BMasking of unfavorable alleles
- CMore uniform animals
- DIncreased heterozygosity
81The average number born alive for Breed A is 8.4 piglets. The average number born alive for Breed B is 10.2 piglets. When these two breeds are crossed, the average number born alive is 10 piglets in the F1 generation. What is the amount of F1 hybrid vigor that is realized from this cross?
- A0.2 piglets
- B0.7 piglets
- C1.6 piglets
- D1.8 piglets
82True or false: All traits contain direct, maternal, and paternal genetic components.
- ATrue
- BFalse
83The maximum amount of hybrid vigor that is attainable is called:
- AIndividual hybrid vigor
- BRetained hybrid vigor
- CMaternal hybrid vigor
- DF1 hybrid vigor
84In a cross of C sires by C(AB) dams, what percentage of hybrid vigor will be retained after the F1 generation?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
- D100%
85The mating of a hybrid to a purebred of a parent line or breed is known as:
- ABackcrossing
- BInbreeding
- CSpatial Rotation
- DComposite breeding
86At equilibrium, a three way spatial rotation will retain what percentage of F1 hybrid vigor?
- A50%
- B67%
- C86%
- D93%
87A crossbreeding system in which maternal-breed females are mated to paternal breed sires is called a __________ crossbreeding system.
- ABackcross
- BMaternal
- C Composite
- DTerminal
88The Lacombe is a composite pig breed that is made up of 56% Landrace, 23% Berkshire, and 21% Chester White. Calculate the proportion of F1 hybrid vigor retained in advanced generations of this composite.
- A58.9%
- B67.2%
- C86.4%
- D93.8%
89Which crossbreeding system combines a maternal rotation with terminal sires to produce market offspring?
- ATwo way rotation
- BThree way spatial rotation
- CRota-terminal
- DStatic terminal
90MOET has the potential to:
- AIncrease the intensity of female selection lengthen the female generation interval
- BIncrease the intensity of female selection and shorten the female generation interval
- CIncrease the intensity of female selection and lengthen the male generation interval
- DIncrease the intensity of female selection and shorten the male generation interval
91Outside of ethical and theological issues, what is the biggest problem with cloning animals for food production?
- AIncreases generation interval of our animal populations
- B Reduces our selection intensity
- CDiminishes genetic variance within a herd
- DRuins the accuracy of EBV prediction
92In the relationship matrix below, interpret what the bold value indicates:
- AThe relationship between A and B is 0.5
- BThe inbreeding coefficient of A is 0.5
- CThe numerator of the relationship coefficient between A and B is 0.5
- DThe numerator of the inbreeding coefficient is unknown
93Which of the following biotechnologies improves the accuracy of male selection while simultaneously increase intensity at which males are selected?
- ACloning
- BEstrus Synchronization
- CControlling Sex
- DArtificial Insemination
94 Using sexed semen allows a producer to improve their selection intensity. Why?
- AMore animals are being selected to be replacements of the next generation
- BMore selection candidates are being produced
- CMore genetic information is being provided
- DMore variance is created
95See Image for Question! :)
- A Direct selection for growth rate BV will result in a correlated genetic change of 0.10in/year in backfat
- BBackfat and growth rate have a weak, positive correlation
- CDirect selection for backfat BV will result in a correlated genetic change of 0.10in/year in growth rate
- DWe expect a change of 0.10in/year change in backfat for every 1-lb/year change in growth rate
96Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer can have positive effects on the genetic change within a herd. However if MOET is poorly managed it can result in:
- ALengthening the generation interval
- BReducing genetic variation
- CNegatively affecting accuracy of selection
- DPoor intensity of selection
97 The ability to measure genotype x environment interactions can be provided by:
- A MOET
- BEstrus Synchronization
- CControlling Sex
- DCloning
98Which of the following formulas should be used to estimate the amount of individual hybrid vigor that remains in the F3 generation when the amount of typical F1 hybrid vigor is known?
- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
- A1
99Any gene or DNA sequence used to identify location on a genetic map is called:
- AFlow Cytometry
- BPolymerase Chain Reaction
- CGene Splicing
- DGenetic Marker
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