Quiz
Chapter 24
Questions in this quiz (65)
1most of the body water is in
- Athe intracelluar fluid
- Bthe extracellular fluid
- Ctissue (interstitial) fluid
- Dblood plasma and lymph
- Ethe transcellular fluid
2osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by
- Athe temperature difference between compartments
- Bthe relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
- Cthe relative volume in each compartment
- Dthe relative size of each compartment
3in which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema
- Aintracellular fluid
- Btranscellular fluid
- Ctissue (interstitial) fluid
- Dblood plasma
- Elymph
4most body water comes from ____ whereas most body water is lost via ____
- Ametabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
- Bmetabolic water; sweat
- Cdrinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
- Ddrinking; urine
- Edrinking; radiation
5fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
- Abaroreceptors
- Bpropioceptors
- Cnociceptors
- Dosmoreceptors
- Emechanoreceptors
6antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Astimulates angiotensin II secretion
- Bpromotes water conservation
- Cstimulates hypothalamic
- Dosmorereceptors
- Eargets the cerebral cortex
7water output is significantly controlled through variations in
- Ametabolic water
- Bsweating
- Ccutaneous transpiration
- Durine volume
- Edrinking
8when blood volume and pressure
are too high- AADH release is inhibited.
- BADH release is stimulated
- Crenal tubules reabsorb more water
- Drenal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
- Ethe kidneys produce less urine
9prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to
- Afluid sequestration in the upper limbs
- Bhypotonic hydration.
- Chypovolemia.
- Dpositive water balance.
- Enegative water balance
10dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity. this makes osmoreceptors stimulate____ secretion by the hypothalamus ___ in the DCT and CD
- AADH; decreasing water reabsorption
- BADH; increasing water reabsorption
- Caldosterone; decreasing sodium and water reabsorption
- Daldosterone; increasing sodium and water reabsorption
- Eangiotensin II; increasing sodium reabsorption
11Hemorrhages...
- Adecrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity
- Bdecrease body water but increase osmolarity
- Cdecrease body water and decrease osmolarity
- Dincrease ECF volume but decrease ICF volume
- Edecrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.
12long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly
associated with- Acooling of the mouth
- Bdistention of the stomach by ingested water
- Ca drop in blood osmolarity
- Dmoistening of the mouth
- Eincreased salivation
13this is the principal cation of the ECF
- ACa 2+
- BCl -
- CNa +
- DK +
- EPi
14aldosterone receptors are found on cells of
- Athe adrenal cortex
- Bthe adernal medulla
- Cthe posterior pituitary
- DPCT
- Ethe distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
15Aldosterone...
- Aincreases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.
- Bincreases both Na+ and K+ secretion.
- Cincreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
- Dreduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
- Ecauses the urine to be more diluted.
16chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ____ homeostasis
- AH2PO4-
- BPO43-
- CHCO3-
- DNa+
- EK+
17the calcium of the body fluids does/is not
- Aparticipate in muscle contraction
- Ba significant component of nucleic acids.
- Cserve as a second messenger
- Dactivate exocytosis.
- Eimportant in blood clotting.
18calcium concentration is regulated by
- Ahormones
- Bsodium and calcium concentration in plasma
- Cchloirde and phosphate concentration in plasma
- Dthe parasympathetic nervous system
- Ethe sympatheic neverous syster
19the major chemical buffers system of the body are the ___ systems
- Aurinary and respiratory
- Burinary and digestive
- Cbicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
- Dbicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
- Ebicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate
20what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma
- Afibrinogen
- Balbumin
- Calpha globulins
- Dgamma globulins
- Etransferrin
21what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes
- Aalbumin
- Bfibrinogen
- Cgamma globulins
- Dhemoglobin
- Emyoglobin
22when the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they ___ at the same time
- Asecrete potassium
- Bsecrete sodium
- Creabsorb potassium
- Dsecrete chloride
- Ereabsorb sodium
23proteins can buffer a drop of pH by their ____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their ____ side groups
- A-NH2; -PO4
- B-PO4; -COOH
- C-NH2; -COOH
- D-COOH; -NH2
- E-PO4; -NH2
24in a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because
- Athey are consumed by neutralizing H+.
- Bthey are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells.
- Cthey are exchanged for CO2.
- Dthey are exchanged for Cl-.
- Ethey rapidly diffuse into the renal tubule cells.
25in acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ____ the central nervous system
- Arepolarized; inhibits
- Bdepolarized; stimulates
- Chyperpolarized; depresses
- Ddepolarized; depresses
- Ehyperpolarized; stimulates
26Blood Plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity
- ATrue
- BFalse
27In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal
- ATrue
- BFalse
28fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors
- ATrue
- BFalse
29the kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration
- ATrue
- BFalse
30Hypovolemic refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity
- ATrue
- BFalse
31Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion
- ATrue
- BFalse
32Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion
- ATrue
- BFalse
33Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration
- ATrue
- BFalse
34Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus
- ATrue
- BFalse
35Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis
- ATrue
- BFalse
36The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory
- ATrue
- BFalse
37The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system
- ATrue
- BFalse
38Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7
- ATrue
- BFalse
39Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention
- ATrue
- BFalse
40a buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.
- ATrue
- BFalse
41Hypernatremia is a plasma___concentration above normal
- ANa+
- BK+
- CNaCl
- DCl-
42Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except
- Aa reduction in plasma volume
- Ba gain in plasma volume
- Creduction in blood
- Da again in blood
43_____ is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.
- ANa+
- BK+
- CCl-
- DH+
44____does not stimulate aldosterone secretion
- AHigh blood sodium concentration
- BLow blood sodium concentration
- CHigh blood potassium concentration
- DLow blood Potassium concentration
45women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of
- Aaldosterone
- Bplasma
- Cblood
- Dwater
46this is the most abundant cation of the ICF
- AK+
- BNa+
- CCl-
- DH+
47the total body water (TBW) contente of a 70 kg young male is about
- A40L
- B4L
- C400L
- D4000L
48this is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume
- AK+
- BH+
- CCl-
- DNa+
49these scenarious are related with hyperkalemia except
- Aresting membrane potential is more positive
- Bresting membrane potential is more negative
50In a state of hypokalemia
- Acells are hyperpolarized
- Bcells are hypopolarized
- Ccells remain the same
51hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from
- Aaldosterone hyposecretion
- Baldosterone hypersecretion
- Aaldosterone hyposecretion
52this is the moste abundant anion of the ECF
- ACl-
- BNa+
- CK+
- DH+
53the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids
- Aform crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin
- Bform crystals with potassium in the presence of calsequestrin
54excretion of phosphate
- Aincreases free calcium ions in the ECF
- Bincreases free potassium ions in the ECF
- Cdecreases free calcium ions in the ECF
- Ddecreases free potassium ions in the ECF
55___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.
- ACO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
- BH2CO3 <--> CO2 + H20
- CH+ + CO3 <--> H2CO3
56tissue fluid normally has a pHof
- A7.35-7.45
- B8.35-8.45
- C7.15-7.25
- D7.85-7.95
- A7.35-7.45
57A weak base
- ABinds little H+ and has a weak effect of pH
- BBinds little H+ and has a strong effect of pH
58the pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by
- Aproteins
- Bcarbohydrates
- Clipids
- Dfatty acids
59the bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory sytem, which
- Aexpels CO2 produced by the buffer system
- Bintakes CO2 produced by the buffer system
- Cexpels H2O produced by the buffer system
- Dintakes H2O produced by the buffer system
60an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells
- Aexchanges K+ for Na+
- Bexchanges Na+ for K+
- Cexchanges K+ for H+
- Dexchanges Na+ for Cl-
61in acidosis, the kidneys compensate by
- Asecreting more ammonia
- Bsecreting more water
- Csecreting more plasma
62breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to
- Arespitory acidosis
- Bmetabolic alkalosis
63excessive intake of antacids can lead to
- Ametabolic alkalosis
- Brespitory acidosis
64chronic vomiting can lead to
- Ametabolic alkalosis
- Brepiratory acidosis
65emphysema can lead to
- Ametabolic alkalosis
- Brepiratory acidosis
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- 2 Anatomy Part 2 (Exam 4) Quiz on Chapter 24, created by Avi Chudasama on 15/12/2015.
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