Quiz
Chapter 10 - Development and Underdevelopment
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1Development in the 18th Century
- An [blank_start]idea[blank_end]
- Associated with [blank_start]industrialization[blank_end] and [blank_start]democratization[blank_end] of society based on equal [blank_start]rights[blank_end] and freedoms of its citizens.- Aidea
- Bindustrialization
- Cdemocratization
- Drights
2Development after World War II
- A series of [blank_start]projects[blank_end].
- [blank_start]State[blank_end] policies and non-state [blank_start]policies[blank_end].
- The process that generated [blank_start]economic[blank_end] growth, industrialization, and [blank_start]modernization[blank_end] in countries perceived to be [blank_start]poor[blank_end], traditional, and [blank_start]undeveloped[blank_end].- Aprojects
- BState
- Cpolicies
- Deconomic
- Emodernization
- Fpoor
- Gundeveloped
3Development in the Recent Years.
- Notions of [blank_start]progress[blank_end] for women, [blank_start]empowerment[blank_end] for the underprivileged, and environmental sustainability.- Aprogress
- Bempowerment
4What factors motivated interest in development after WWII?
1. [blank_start]Cold War[blank_end] - Geopolitical.
- Between [blank_start]Capitalist[blank_end] countries (USA) and [blank_start]Communist[blank_end] countries (Soviet Union), two powers gained influence and control over [blank_start]lesser[blank_end] developed countries.
2. [blank_start]Western Business[blank_end] - Economic.
- Business in the developed West, particularly US, was interested in new markets [blank_start]outside[blank_end] their own, such as Latin America, [blank_start]Africa[blank_end], and Asia.
3. [blank_start]World Capitalism[blank_end].
- Economic system based on competitive enterprises seeking to [blank_start]maximize[blank_end] profits by using [blank_start]waged[blank_end] labour.- ACold War
- BWestern Business
- CWorld Capitalism
- DCapitalist
- ECommunist
- Flesser
- Goutside
- HAfrica
- Imaximize
- Jwaged
5This theory states that underdeveloped societies experience a "takeoff" in science, technology, and their economy when they come into contact with developed societies.
- AStages of Development
- BModernization Theory
- CDependency Theory
- DNeoliberalism
6Stages of Development
- Traditionally, [blank_start]underdeveloped[blank_end] societies come into [blank_start]contact[blank_end] with developed societies.
- There is a "[blank_start]takeoff[blank_end]" with exposure to science and technology.
- There is an increase in market transactions, [blank_start]manufacturing[blank_end], and trade.
- Modern [blank_start]American[blank_end] Capitalism = final developmental stage characterized by [blank_start]sustained[blank_end] economic growth.
- All societies follow the same path to development.- Aunderdeveloped
- Bcontact
- Ctakeoff
- Dmanufacturing
- EAmerican
- Fsustained
7Which theory states that development is a state of mind, emphasizes importance of values and norms as drivers of development, and that development occurs when citizens of poor countries adopt the virtues of the developed North.
- AStages of Development
- BModernization Theory
- CDependency Theory
- DNeoliberalism
8Modernization Theory
- Development = [blank_start]State[blank_end] of Mind.
- Emphasizes the importance of [blank_start]values and norms[blank_end] as drivers of development.
- States that economic "[blank_start]backwardness[blank_end]" lies with the societies of the "Third World" or the "[blank_start]Global South[blank_end]" themselves.
- Development occurs when the citizens of [blank_start]poor countries[blank_end] [blank_start]adopt the virtues[blank_end] of the [blank_start]developed North[blank_end].
- If they fail to do so, they remain in a [blank_start]pathological, undeveloped[blank_end] state.- AState
- Bvalues and norms
- Cbackwardness
- DGlobal South
- Eadopt the virtues
- Fpoor countries
- Gdeveloped North
- Hpathological, undeveloped
9Which theory is based on the exportation of resources from periphery regions in return for goods from the core regions?
- AStages of Development
- BModernization Theory
- CDependency Theory
- DNeoliberalism
10Dependency Theory
- Core "[blank_start]Metropolitan Powers[blank_end]": Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France produce goods and export them.
- Periphery "[blank_start]Satellite Regions[blank_end]": Global South, would export their resources.
- Economic and social relations between countries [blank_start]blocked[blank_end] economic growth of Global South.
- Capitalism = [blank_start]Underdevelopment[blank_end] of Global South.
- [blank_start]Terms of Trade[blank_end]: Agriculture exports prices declined over time compared to industrial goods imported.
- [blank_start]Class Alliances[blank_end]: Core Regions and less developed countries.
[blank_start]Brazil & Argentina[blank_end]: Export-oriented economy, established local industrial enterprises and internal markets.
[blank_start]Costa Rica, Honduras, & Guatemala[blank_end]: Export-oriented economy, economy = few commodities, such as bananas and coffee.- AMetropolitan Powers
- BSatellite Regions
- Cblocked
- DUnderdevelopment
- ETerms of Trade
- FClass Alliances
- GBrazil & Argentina
- HCosta Rica, Honduras, & Guatemala
11Neoliberal Reforms and Development
Proponents: Raised [blank_start]incomes[blank_end] have lifted [blank_start]millions of people[blank_end] out of poverty.
Winners: [blank_start]Mexico[blank_end], a new class of [blank_start]billionaires[blank_end]. [blank_start]Brazil, India, and China[blank_end], which enjoyed exponential rates of [blank_start]economic growth[blank_end], and growth of a [blank_start]middle class[blank_end].
Critics: Neoliberalism produced a dramatic increase in [blank_start]income inequality[blank_end], widespread [blank_start]misery[blank_end] and social [blank_start]dislocation[blank_end].- Aincomes
- Bmillions of people
- CMexico
- Dbillionaires
- EBrazil, India, and China
- Feconomic growth
- Gmiddle class
- Hincome inequality
- Imisery
- Jdislocation
12New urban life often characterized by:
1. Increased [blank_start]personal insecurity[blank_end], along with dramatic increases in [blank_start]crime and violence[blank_end].
2. Negative [blank_start]health[blank_end] outcomes associated with polluted [blank_start]air and water[blank_end].
3. Dangerous [blank_start]work[blank_end] environments.
4. Deterioration in diet associated with the consumption of [blank_start]fast food[blank_end] and low-quality [blank_start]street foods[blank_end].
5. Massive [blank_start]environmental[blank_end] destruction.- Apersonal insecurity
- Bcrime and violence
- Chealth
- Dair and water
- Ework
- Ffast food
- Gstreet foods
- Henvironmental
13China constructed massive [blank_start]Three Gorges[blank_end] electric dam project on Yangtze River. The lake it will create has displaced more than a [blank_start]million people[blank_end] and destroyed [blank_start]13[blank_end] cities and [blank_start]140[blank_end] towns.
- AThree Gorges
- Bmillion people
- C13
- D140
14Washington Consensus
- United: World Bank, [blank_start]International Monetary Fund[blank_end] (IMF), and U.S. [blank_start]Treasury[blank_end].
- Three Pillars of Consensus: [blank_start]Privatization[blank_end], Austerity, Market [blank_start]Liberalization[blank_end].- AInternational Monetary Fund
- BTreasury
- CLiberalization
- DPrivatization
15Structural Adjustment Program
- IMF and WB would help debtor countries if they followed and met harsh conditions.
1. [blank_start]Privatize[blank_end] state-owned enterprises, like telephone and oil companies.
2. Permit international corporations and goods produced in developed countries ([blank_start]FREE TRADE[blank_end])
3. End [blank_start]tariff protection[blank_end] of local industry and agriculture.
4. Curtail [blank_start]social welfare[blank_end] programs.
5. Encourage new lines of [blank_start]agricultural exports[blank_end].- APrivatize
- BFREE TRADE
- Ctariff protection
- Dsocial welfare
- Eagricultural exports
16Pre-1930's Liberal Theory "Laissez-Faire" and Protectionist.
1930's to 1960's, implementation of the Keynesian Welfare State show:
- The gap between rich and poor decreased in all [blank_start]developed[blank_end] countries, but only for [blank_start]some[blank_end] Global South countries.
- Overall, the gap between rich countries and poor countries remained [blank_start]quite stable[blank_end].- Adeveloped
- Bquite stable
- Csome
17After the 1970's, when the implementation of [blank_start]neoliberal policies[blank_end] began, the following trends occurred:
- Substantial increase in inequalities [blank_start]within countries[blank_end].
- Increase in gap [blank_start]between countries[blank_end].- Aneoliberal policies
- Bwithin countries
- Cbetween countries
18Why should we care about global inequalities?
1. Morality and [blank_start]Social Justice[blank_end]
- More than [blank_start]1 billion people[blank_end] earn less than [blank_start]$1.25 a day[blank_end].
- Social justice - lift world's poor out of life of illiteracy, disease, and hopelessness.
2. Self-interest and need for security.
- Higher levels of [blank_start]unrest and violence[blank_end] within countries as well as outside them.- ASocial Justice
- B1 billion people
- C$1.25 a day
- Dunrest and violence
19Jared Diamond - Geography and Biological Resources
- People's environment heavily influenced development.
- 2 causes.
1. Proximate Causes
- [blank_start]Conquest[blank_end] of Latin America.
- Europeans had [blank_start]developed firearms[blank_end] and modern metallurgy.
-People of the Americas had a [blank_start]lack of resistance[blank_end] to deadly diseases.
2. Ultimate Cause
- Europe was rich in [blank_start]plants and animals[blank_end] that could be [blank_start]domesticated[blank_end].
- Early domestication of plants and animals made agriculture possible and was a [blank_start]prerequisite[blank_end] for the development of the guns, germs, and steel that eventually ensured the [blank_start]dominance of European colonizers[blank_end] in the Americas and later in Asia and Africa.- AConquest
- Bdeveloped firearms
- Clack of resistance
- Dplants and animals
- Edomesticated
- Fprerequisite
- Gdominance of European colonizers
20Resistance to Neoliberal New World Order
1. [blank_start]Government Resistance[blank_end]
- Governments in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela were [blank_start]opposed[blank_end] to neoliberalism.
-Aided the landless and urban poor.
-Nationalize key resource industries and recapture profits.
-Wanted to help other poor countries as well.
2. Post-Neoliberalism
- Import substitution.
3. Popular Resistance.
- Seattle 1999 - World Trade Organization
- 40, 000 people, Battle of Seattle.
- World Social Forum.
- Via Campesina.- AGovernment Resistance
- Bopposed
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- Sociology Quiz on Chapter 10 - Development and Underdevelopment, created by Madison Pretty on 15/12/2016.
- Author
- Madison Pretty
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- English
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