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Encoding

• Encoding is when a character is given a binary number so that it can be processed by a computer.
• The most common Character Sets are ASCII and Unicode which both have pros and cons such as that ASCII only allows for languages that do not use the alphabet eg Arabic but has a small file size whereas Unicode is the opposite and can use other characters but has a lot larger file size.
• Most character sets are not compatible but the first Byte of ASCII is the same as Unicode

Mantissa and Exponent Accuracy vs Range

• Having a large Mantissa but a small Exponent allows for a fairly accurate number to what you are looking for but has a very small range. Whereas a small Mantissa but a large Exponent allows for a lot larger range but a lot lower accuracy.
• For example having a 6 bit Mantissa and a 2 bit exponent the largest number you can make is just under 2 with the smallest being -2 but if you needed a number accurately in between you could get pretty close. On the other hand having a 2 bit Mantissa and a 6 bit exponent allows for a lot larger numbers but with very little accuracy with the largest possible number being 16,392 and the smallest being -32,784.

Representing integers

• Integers are represents with 1's and 0's but each 0 or 1 is worth twice the bit before it and doubles for example 00000001 is 1 and 00000010 is 2 each bit moving up doubles you can create any number in between by adding for example 00001000 is 8 but 00000111 is 7
• Sign and Magnitude is just like representing any other binary number but the first bit is reserved for stating if the number is positive or negative for example 0011 would be 3 and 1011 would be -3