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Fractions

• Common factors The factors of a number are those numbers that divide into it exactly.
• Numbers have common factors if the same number divides into both of them.
• So 4 is a common factor of both 8 and 12, as it divides into both of them. 2 is a common factor of both 2 and 6, as it divides into both of them.
• Simplest form You know that 4/12 = 2/6 = 1/3
• 4 and 12 have a common factor (4), so 4/12 can be written as 1/3 (divide the top and the bottom by 4).
• 2 and 6 have a common factor (2), so 2/6 can be written as 1/3 (divide the top and the bottom by 2).
• However, 1 and 3 have no common factors, so 1/3 cannot be simplified. When a fraction cannot be simplified we say that it is its simplest form.

Translations and Rotations

• Translations
• To translate a shape, you can move it up or down or from side to side, but do not change its appearance in any other way. When a shape is translated, each of the vertices (corners) must be moved in exactly the same way.
• Rotations
• If you put a piece of paper on a table and place your pen in the middle of it, you can rotate the paper whilst keeping the pen in a fixed position. In doing this you are rotating the paper about its centre.