MINERALS

MINERALS

• A NATURAL OCCURRING SUBSTANCE THAT HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IS A MINERAL.
• THEY ARE FORMED IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS.
• THEY ARE CREATED BY NATURAL PROCESS WITHOUT ANY HUMAN INTERFERENCE.
• THEY CAN BE IDENTIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR COLOR, DENSITY, HARDNESS AND SOLUBILITY.
• THEY ARE EXTRACTED BY MINING, DRILLING OR QUARRYING.
• THEY ARE NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES.
• IT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS FOR THE FORMATION OF MINERALS.

TYPES OF MINERALS

• METALLIC
• THEY CONTAIN METAL IN RAW FORM.
• THEY ARE GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
• THEY HAVE LUSTRE AND SHINE.
• EG. IRON ORE, MANGANESE ORE AND BAUXITE ETC.
• THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF METALLIC MINERALS.
• NON-METALLIC
• THEY DO NOT CONTAIN METAL
• EG. LIMESTONE, MICA AND GYPSUM ETC.
• MINERALS FUELS LIKE COAL AND PETROLEUM.

TYPES OF METALLIC MINERALS

• FERROUS
• THEY CONTAIN IRON.
• EG. IRON ORE, MANGANESE AND CHROMITES.
• NON-FERROUS
• THEY DO NOT HAVE IRON.
• EG. GOLD, SILVER, COPPER AND LEAD.

EXTRACTION OF MINERALS

• MINING
• THE TAKING OUT OF MINERALS FROM ROCKS BURIED UNDER THE EARTH'S SURFACE IS CALLED MINING.
• OPEN CAST -> MINERALS THE LIE AT SHALLOW DEPTHS ARE TAKEN OUT BY REMOVING THE SURFACE LAYER.
• SHAFT -> DEEP BORES (SHAFTS) ARE MADE TO REACH MINERAL DEPOSITS THAT LIE AT GREAT DEPTHS.
• DRILLING
• DEEP WELLS ARE BORE TO TAKE OUT MINERALS.
• EG. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ARE TAKEN OUT.
• QUARRYING
• MINERALS ARE TAKEN OUT THAT LIE NEAR THE SURFACE THEY ARE JUST SIMPLY DUG OUT BY THIS PROCESS.

ROCKS WITH MINERALS

• IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• METALLIC ROCKS ARE FOUND IN THESE ROCKS .
• EG. COPPER AND NICKEL IN CANADA
• IRON, NICKEL, CHROMITES AND PLATINUM IN
• SOUTH AFRICA
• SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• NON-METALLIC ARE FOUND IN THESE ROCKS.
• EG. LIMESTONE IN FRANCE,
• MANGANESE IN GEORGI, UKRAINE
• COAL AND PETROLEUM

MINERALS DEPOSITS

• ASIA
• the major iron ore deposits in INDIA & CHINA.
• it also have bauxite, manganese, nickel, zinc & copper.
• it produces more than half of the world's TIN.
• tin producers : china, Malaysia & Indonesia.
• EUROPE
• the leading producer of IRON ORE.
• iron ore : Russia, Ukraine, Sweden & France
• eastern Europe & European Russia : copper, lead, zinc, manganese & nickel.

Slide 7

• NORTH AMERICA
• CANADIAN SHIELD REGION - north of greaT lakes : iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium & copper.
• APPALACHIANS REGION - coal
• WESTERN CORDILLERAS - MOUNTAIN RANGES : copper, lead , zinc, silver and gold
• SOUTH AMERICA
• BRAZIL is the largest producer of iron ore in world.
• leading producers of copper : Chile & Peru
• largest producer of tin in the world : BRAZIL, BOLIVIA.
• deposits : gold, silver, zinc, chromium, mica etc

Slide 8

• AFRICA
• it is rich in MINERAL RESOURCES.
• LARGEST PRODUCERS in the world : diamonds, gold and platinum.
• produces the large portion of gold : south Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire.
• other minerals : copper, iron ore, cobalt and bauxite.
• OIL is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola.
• Australia
• LARGEST PRODUCERS in the world OF bauxite.
• leading producer : gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel
• also rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese.
• largest deposits of gold : Kalgoorlie & Coolgardie area of western Australia.

Slide 9

• ANTARCTICA
• it has variety of mineral deposits.
• COAL : significant size of it in trans antarctic Mountains.
• IRON : prince Charles mountains of east Antarctica.
• also have iron ore, gold, silver and oil.

DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA

• IRON : madhya pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra & odisha.
• BAUXITE : madhya pradesh, Maharashtra & odisha.
• MICA : bihar, rajasthan & Andhra pradesh. India is largest producer and exporter of it.
• COPPER : rajasthan, madhya pradesh & Andhra pradesh.
• MANGANESE : Maharashtra, madhya pradesh, odisha & Andhra pradesh.
• LIMESTONE : odisha, madhya pradesh, rajasthan & Tamil Nadu.
• GOLD : kolar (Karnataka) these mines are deepest on the world which makes mining of these ore expensive.
• SALT: sea, lakes and rocks ( India is the world leading producers and exporter of salt)

USES OF MINERALS

• IN INDUSTRIES
• IN VARIOUS JEWELLERY (GEMS)
• MAKING OF COINS, PIPES ETC (COPPER)
• THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY (SILICON)
• AUTOMOBILES AND AIRPLANES (BAUXITE)

CONSERVATION OF MINERALS

• IT IS FOSSIL FUEL AND NON-RENEWABLE ALSO SO IT SHOULD BE CONSERVE BY REDUCING WASTAGE IN THE PROCESS OF MINING.
• RECYCLING IS ALSO ANOTHER WAY TO CONSERVE.
• END!!!!