Flashcards
PSYC3207 - Encoding Processes
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1EncodingThe process in which the participant engages when presented with a stimulus/event, and which affect the properties of the memory that is formed.
- 2Tulving & Osler (1968)- lists of words presented with cues (weak A and B, both, neither)
- test with cues A, B, AB, or none
- result: when that cue is presented that was presented at encoding: good performance - 3Encoding Specificity Principle (ESP)The claim that a retrieval cue will facilitate recall only if its relationship with the target item was processed at encoding.
- 4RetrievalThe process of accessing information in memory
- 5Evans et al (2009)- studying faces with contextual information (name, occupation, hobby)
- test: a line of faces with either no information or name or all information
- result: context substantially boosted recognition accuracy - 6Thomson and Tulving (1970)- target studies in isolation
- strong cue effective
- explanation: internal context - 7Zeelenberg (2005)- word pairs: strong bidirection / unidirectional association
- studied targets in isolation
- test with the unseen cue words
- recall of bidirectional tragets higher
- probably implicitly activated - 8Thomson & Tulving (1970)- words studied with weak associates
- test: recall with weak or strong associates
- result: weak associates better - 9Roedriger & Payne (1983)- lists of 4 words from 20 categories
- test in 3 conditions (free recall, congruous or oncongruous cue)
- congruous cue elevated recall performance
- no matter the strength of the association if incongruent - 10Rawson & Kintsch (2005)- 1700 word scinetific text, 43 distinct idea units
- 3 conditions (single study, massed study, distributed study)
- test: immediatley / 2-days later
- results:
immediate test: massed
delayed test: distributed - 11Explanation of spacing effect- items receive more rehersal
- spaced presentations may be better attended
- more contextual associations
- desirable dfficulty - 12Bahrick & Hall (2005)- learned Swahili-English
- conditions (4 massed, successive days, 14 days interval)
- after each session: test
- final test: 14 days after
- spacing improved final retention
- higher prevalence of mediator trials in spaced group - 13Encoding practiceThe appropriate practice at encoding a target item has beneficial effect on later recall
- 14Szpunar et al (2013)- 21 minutes stat lecture divided into 4 segments
- at the end of a segment: arithmetic task then: test / shown test question + answers / further math
- highest scores in the tested group
- tetsing boosted encoding
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- PSYC3207 (Exam) Flashcards on PSYC3207 - Encoding Processes, created by Zsofi Dombi on 14/04/2018.
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