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Flashcards

Stroke

Chris Ramgulam PNH301 CNO English 40 cards

Cards in this deck (40)

  1. 1What is a stroke?most simply, an
    interruption of
    arterial blood to the
    brain, resulting in
    damaged brain tissue
    *Cellular death occurs in 5 minutes*
  2. 2What are the major and subcategories of stroke?Ischemic Stroke
    Hemorrhagic Stroke (Subarachnoid, intracerebral)
  3. 3What are the signs of a TIA?Sudden severe headache with no known cause
    Unexplained dizziness, unsteadiness or sudden falls
    Sudden difficulty speaking or trouble understanding speech
    Sudden dimness or loss of vision
    Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg on one side of the body
  4. 4What are the warning signs of stroke?Sudden numbness or weakness in face, arm or leg
    Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, understanding
    Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
    Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
  5. 5What is a Thrombic Stroke?Cerebral thrombosis is a narrowing of the artery by fatty deposits called plaque. It can cause a clot to form, which blocks the passage of blood through the artery
  6. 6What is an Embolic Stroke?An embolus is a clot (either blood or other debris) circulating in the blood. When it reaches an artery in the brain that is too narrow to pass through, it lodges there and blocks the flow of blood.
  7. 7What is a hemorrhagic Stroke?A burst blood vessel may allow blood to seep into and damage brain tissues until clotting shut off the leak
  8. 8What are the consequences of Stroke?Third leading cause of death and disability in adults
    about 15% of sufferers die
    about 30% are left with
    moderate-severe disability
  9. 9What are the non-modifiable risk factors of Stroke?Age
    Gender
    Ethnicity
    Family History
  10. 10Statistics of Hypertension25% of men and 18% of women in Canada have hypertension
    42% of hypertensive Canadians are unaware of their condition
  11. 11Modifiable risk factors of StrokeLifestyle (High fat, high salt diet, Smoking, Obesity, Sedentary lifestyle, Excessive alcohol, Stress levels)
    Disease (Hypertension, Diabetes, Heart disease (MI, AF), Hyperlipidemia, TIAs, Previous stroke, Sickle Cell Disease, Hypercoagulability)
  12. 12Clinical Manifestations of StrokeMotor function
    Communication
    Affect
    Intellectual function
    Spatial-perceptual alterations
    Elimination
  13. 13What does Agnosia mean?Inability to recognize familiar objects, persons, smells, shapes, even though the sensation is intact
  14. 14What is Ataxia?Impaired gait
    unsteady, incoordination
  15. 15What is Dysphagia/Aphasia?Impaired capacity to interpret, formulate or express meaningful language, writing or gesturing
    Dysphagia is also impaired swallowing
  16. 16What is Hemiparesis?Weakness on one side of the body
  17. 17What do you need to know about a stroke? kWhat caused it, where it happened (which artery) and what is damaged (of the hemispheres of the brain)
  18. 18What are the manifestations of Right-Side Brain Damage?Paralyzed left side (Hemiplegia)
    Left-sided neglect
    Spatial-perceptual deficits
    Tends to deny or minimize problems
    Rapid performance, short attention span
    Impulsive, safety problems
    Impaired Judgement
    Impaired time concepts
  19. 19What are the manifestations of Left-Sided Brain Damage?Paralyzed right side: Hemiplegia
    Impaired speech/language aphasias
    Impaired right/left discrimination
    Slow performance, cautious
    Aware of deficits: Depression/Anxiety
    Impaired comprehension related to language, math
  20. 20What does the right hemisphere control?Left side of the body
    Spatial abilities
    Visual imagery
    Music
  21. 21What does the left hemisphere control?Controls right side of body
    Language/Speech
    Math
    Logic
  22. 22What does the frontal lobe do?movement
    intellectual function
    emotions
    memory
  23. 23What does the Parietal Lobe do?located in the top middle of the cerebrum
    helps with sense of touch and with some complex visual perceptions
  24. 24What does the temporal lobe do?located in the bottom middle of the cerebrum
    helps hearing and speech
  25. 25What does the Occipital Lobe do?located in the rear of the cerebrum
    plays a major role in vision
  26. 26What can a stroke in the brain stem do?Deficits in Breathing, Heartbeat & Articulate Speech
  27. 27What can a stroke in the cerebellum result in?Cerebellum helps provide smooth, coordinate body movement
  28. 28What other conditions does stroke mimic?Bell’s Palsy
    Drug toxicity
    Seizures
    Systemic infections
    Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia
    TIA
  29. 29How do you differentiate between stroke and what a stroke mimics?History & neuro assessment (including stroke scale)
    CT scan of the head
    Blood work (including BS, CBC, INR)
    Assessment of risk factors
    ECG
  30. 30Which major arteries can a stroke occur in?Anterior Cerebral Artery
    Internal Carotid Artery
    External Carotid Artery
    Middle Cerebral Artery
    Posterior Cerebral Artery
    Basilar Artery
    Vertebral Artery
  31. 31What is Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)?clot-busting drug
    that can destroy an
    existing blood clot
    approved for use
    in ischemic stroke
  32. 32What is a subarachnoid stroke?caused by the sudden rupture of an artery which leads to bleeding over the surface of the brain
  33. 33What is an intracerebral hemorrhage stroke?occurs when a diseased blood vessel within the brain bursts, allowing blood to leak inside the brain
  34. 34What is Wernicke's Aphasia?receives auditory speech impulses, but unable to comprehend them
    Characterized by fluent, well-articulated speech, with intact tone, but inappropriate speech content that is unintelligible d/t poor word choices
  35. 35What is Broca's Aphasia?expressive aphasia characterized by no fluent, telegraphic speech with outbursts of profanity, uninhibited speech and word-finding difficulties
  36. 36Why is the patient High-Risk for ineffective coping?Abrupt and severe changes in: body function or image, lifestyle changes, fear of becoming a burden on family, dependency, economic insecurity, fear of another stroke, depression
  37. 37Why is the patient's family at High-Risk for ineffective coping?may have new roles as care providers, relinquish jobs & salaries, overwhelmed with medical bills, faced with nursing home placement, guilt, fears of another stroke
  38. 38What are the characteristics for a poor prognosis for rehab?Persistent flaccid hemiplegia
    Sensory loss on L side
    Marked dysphasia
    No family support
    Pre-existing systemic disease – esp hypertension
    Depression
    Impaired interest & short attention span
  39. 39What are the main causes of mortality?Most deaths <30d
    1st week = cerebral edema (most common), MI or arrhythmia
    2-3weeks = complications – pneumonia, sepsis, DVT leading to pulmonary emboli
  40. 40Who are the key people in patients Health Care Team?Nurse
    OT
    Physio
    SLP
    Dietician
    Psychologist/counselor
    MD

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Description
CNO PNH301 (Test 1) Flashcards on Stroke , created by Chris Ramgulam on 23/01/2019.
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Chris Ramgulam
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