Flashcards
POSITIVISM AND SUICIDE
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1Where/who did the first major contribution to the sociological understanding of suicide come from?Emile Durkheim, late 19th century
- 2What is positivism?The belief that society should be studies scientifically and objectively
- 3According to positivism, what should the goal of sociology be?To produce laws to explain observed patterns in human behaviour
- 4Durkheim believed that he could show suicide has ______ causessocial
- 5For Durkheim, the suicide rate is a ______ ____Social fact
- 6What type of data did Durkheim study?Quantitative data from official statistics
Suicide rates in various European countries - 7How many regular patterns did he identify?Four
- 81.Suicide rates for a given society remained constant over time
- 92.When the rates changed, it coincided with other changes
(war, recession, prosperity) - 103.Different societies have different rates
- 114.Within a society, rates varied between different social groups
Catholics lower than protestants
Single more than married
Rich more than poor - 12What were these patterns evidence of?That suicide rates cannot be simply be the result of the motives of individuals
- 13Durkheim explains the suicide rate as the effect of ______ _______ _______ ____ ___________Social forces acting upon individuals
- 14In different social groups, these forces act with different intensities, resulting in...Different suicide rates for different social groups
- 15How many social forces does Durkheim identify that act on individuals and determine suicide rates?2
- 16What are they?Social integration
Moral regulation - 17What is meant by social integration?The extent to which individuals experience a sense of belonging to a group
High integration = strong bonds and sense of duty - 18What is meant by moral regulation?The extent to which individuals actions and desires are kept in check by norms and values
- 19In relation to these, what does Durkheim argue suicide results from?Too much or too little integration and regulation
- 20This gives a classification system of suicide. How many types of suicide are there in this classification system?Four
- 21What are the names of these?Egoistic
Altruistic
Anomic
Fatalistic - 22Which two are typical of pre-industrial societies?Altruistic
Fatalistic - 23What type of society are egoistic and anomic suicides typical of?Industrial socieities
- 24Egoistic suicides result from...Too LITTLE integration
- 25Anomic suicides result from...Too LITTLE regulation
- 26Which does Durkheim argue is the most common type of suicide?Egoistic
- 27Egoistic suicides are caused by excessive _____________ a lack of ______ ____ and obligation to othersExcessive individualism
Lack of social ties - 28What do anomic suicides refer to?Caused by too little moral regulation
'normlessness'
deregulation
Societies norms become unclear due to rapid social change
Creates uncertainty - 29Fatalistic and altruistic suicides are typical of pre-industrial societies. Which one is caused by TOO MUCH integration?Altruistic
- 30Explain altruistic suicidesCaused by too much social integration
Putting others before oneself
Individual has little value
Group interests override that of the individual
Self-sacrifice for the good of the group - 31Fatalistic suicides are caused by TOO MUCH what?Moral regulation
- 32What does this mean?Individuals believe they can do nothing to change their fate
Found where society excessively controls individuals
e.g Slaves and prisoners - 33Out of the two types of society, modern industrial and traditional pre-industrial, which has higher levels of integration and regulation?Pre-industrial
- 34What 2 types of suicide does this mean are typical of pre-industrial societies?Altruistic - high integration
Fatalistic - high regulation - 35Who are responsible for the other positivist approach to explaining suicide?Gibbs and Martin
- 36What is their main argument about Durkheim's study?He fails to operationalise the concept of integration
- 37How do Gibbs and Martin go on to define integration?A situation where there are stable and lasting relationships
- 38Where, do Gibbs and Martin argue these tend to occur?When an individual has status integration - compatible status' that do not conflict with one another
- 39Gibbs and Martin predict that in societies where there is little status integration (e.g where well educated people are forced to work low status jobs) suicide rates will be...Higher
- 40What is another argument of Durkheim study?Data is unreliable and incomplete
- 41—
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- A-Level A2 SOCIOLOGY (Crime and deviance: Suicide) Flashcards on POSITIVISM AND SUICIDE , created by ashiana121 on 07/01/2016.
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- ashiana121 · Jan 2016
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- Aug 21, 2017
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