Flashcards
Social Psychology Week Ten #2
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1AltruismA special form of helping behaviour, sometimes costly, that shows concern for fellow human beings and is performed without expectation of personal gain
- 2Bystander-Calculus ModelIn attending to an emergency, the bystander calculates the perceived costs and benefits of proving help compared with those associated with not helping
- 3Bystander EffectPeople are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others than when alone. The greater the number, the less likely it is that anyone will help
- 4Bystander InterventionThis occurs when an individual breaks out of the role of a bystander and helps another person in an emergency
- 5Diffusion of ResponsibilityTendency of an individual to assume that others will take responsibility (as a result, no one does). This is a hypothesized cause of the bystander effect
- 6Emergency SituationOften involves an unusual event, can vary in nature, is unplanned, and requires a quick response
- 7Empathetic ConcernAn element of Batson's theory of helping behaviour. In contrast to personal distress (which may lead us to flee from the situation), it includes feelings of warmth, being soft-hearted, and having compassion for a person in need
- 8EmpathyAbility to feel another persons experiences; identifying with and experiencing another person's emotions, thoughts and attitudes
- 9Empathy Costs of Not HelpingPiliavin's view that failing to help can cause distress to a bystander who empathises with a victim's plight
- 10Fear of Social BlundersThe dread of acting inappropriately or of making a foolish mistake witnessed by others. The desire to avoid ridicule inhibits effect responses to an emergency by members of a group
- 11Helping BehaviourActs that intentionally benefit someone else
- 12Just-World HypothesisAccording to Lerner, people need to believe that the world is a just place where they get what they deserve. As evidence of undeserved suffering undermines this belief, people may conclude that victims deserve their fate
- 13Learning by Vicarious ExperienceAcquiring a behaviour after observing that another person was rewarded for it
- 14Nature-Nurture ControversyClassic debate about whether genetic or environmental factors determine human behaviour. Scientists generally accept that it is an interaction of both
- 15Personal Costs of Not HelpingPiliavin's view that not helping a victim in distress can be costly to a bystander (e.g. experiencing blame)
- 16Prior CommitmentAn individual's agreement in advance to be responsible if trouble occurs
- 17Prosocial BehaviourActs that are positively valued by society
- 18Social Learning TheoryThe view championed by Bandura that human social behaviour is not innate but learned from appropriate models
- 19Social Responsibility NormThe idea that we should help people who are depending and in need. It is contradicted by another norm that discourages interfering in other people's lives
- 20Social Support NetworkPeople who know and care about us and who can provide backup during a time of stress