Flashcards
MINERAL RESOURCES
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1MINERALS?inorganic natural substances
- 2HOW ARE MINERALS FORMED?magma cools
pressure changes
evaporation of mineral-rich fluids
volcanic rocks broken down - 3MINING PROCESSES1. Open-cast mining
2. under-ground mining - 4OPEN-CAST MININGscooping minerals near the surface
giant excavators used and power showels - 5UNDER-GROUND MINING1. adit mining
2. shaft mining - 6ADIT MININGin hilly districts
- making a pasage where minral stream is exposed on hill side
e.g Sor coal field in Quetta - 7SHAFT MININGvertical shafts dug down
-tunnels dug horizontly
- expensive & dangerous - 8METALLIC MINERALS- one of the mankind's most highly prized possessions
- mostly found in ores instead of pure
cut or blasted..ore is crushed
these aremade out of metal compound or resemble metal
- e.g iron ore, copper, bauxite, - 9NON- METALLIC MINERALS-ex.
gypsum, rock salt, marble, clay, limestone
- - 10DIFFERENCES B/W METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC METALSmetallic minerals are more valuable
they are harder, tougher, and shinier
-unlike nm they
change shapes without breaking
can be stretched or compressed
are good thermal n electric conductors
more reactive with water n acid - 11PROBLEMS FOR MINING INDUSTRY IN PAKfinancial constraints
lack of technical knowledge
inaccessible mineral deposits
institutional mismanagement
lack of experts
low priority given to mineral extraction - 12USES OF ROCK SALTused for
cooking and preservative purposes
manufacturing of
soda ash
bicarbonate of soda, caustic soda..etc - 13USES OF BRINEchemical and fertilizer industry
- 14USES OF LIMESTONEmanufacturing of
cement, bleaching powders, glass, soap
paper, paints and lime
alcohal fuel, counter pests n termite attacks
aerate soil n salinity - 15USES OF COALbrick kilns,
make cokes n
coal briquettes
power generation - 16USES OF MINERAL FUELpower source
lubricant
motor fuel - 17USES OF GYPSUMmanufacture of paints, fertilizers
cement n plaster of paris
spread on land for reclaimation - 18USES OF MARBLEused in buildings,
making chip for flooring
decorative pieces - 19USES OF CLAYCHINA clay: ceramic industry
FIRE clay: - 20USES OF MAGNETITEcement, fertilizer, rayon, paper pulp, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
- 21USES OF SULPHURsulphuric acid, paints, explosive material, dyes, rayon n fertilizers
- 22EFFECTS OF MININGVegetation cut, construction deforms landscape, noise pollution due to blasting, depressions made flooded by rain, bad effect on health on miners, land pollution by mining waste..water pollution.. Air pollution
- 23PROTECTION FROM MINING HAZARDS1. should be done on scientific lines
2. Special precautions
3. Fill depressions
4. Waste to be treated properly
5. Trees planted..clean water supply
6. Facilities for miners
7. Afforestation program - 24SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR MININGgovt to consider sustainablity in policies
application of science and technology
mining should be strictly checked
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- o levels Geography Flashcards on MINERAL RESOURCES, created by aayet fatima on 06/04/2017.
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- aayet fatima
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