Crime and Deviance notes
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This GoConqr page gathers over 30 user-made Crime and Deviance notes, covering definitions, theories and patterns of crime. They offer school students, university students and professional candidates material to practise these topics, and teachers ready-made material for secondary and university-level study. Pick a note and explore the unit.
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- Defining crime and deviance47
- Measuring crime24
- Social control49
- Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories of crime176
- Labelling theory85
- Marxist theories of crime40
- Realist theories of crime37
- Postmodernist theories of crime5
- Gender and crime67
- Ethnicity and crime36
- Social distribution of crime24
- Media, crime and moral panics41
- Globalisation, green crime and state crime29
- Victimology6
- Crime prevention and punishment19
Notes
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Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theories of Crime Key Words capitalism - economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and workers exploited criminogenic capitalism - capitalism causes crime by exploiting and alienating the working class select...
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Deviant Behavior & Soc Control Module 1 Study Guide I. . Defining Deviance- Overview of Deviance A. What is deviant behavior? 1. Deviance is the violation of norms and expectations set by those with the power to enforce social norms. II. What is normal? 1. By using Sum...
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CAGE and Crime Gender and CrimeGender Patterns in CrimeMost crimes appear to be committed by males.4/5 convicted offenders are male.Among offenders, a higher proportion of females are convicted of property offences (except burglary)...
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Crime Functionalist Crime can only be explained by looking at the way societies are organised, their social structures and that crime is caused by society rather than by the circumstances of an individual. Structuralist the...
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Module 1 Definitions: Deviance: provides the boundaries of acceptable behavior and it promotes integration. It has the consequence of keeping society in check. It provides integration. Social Controls: are organized methods fo...
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Deviant Behavior and Social Control Chapters 2-5 Chapter 2Becker wrote:"Social groups constitute deviance by making rules who infractions constitute deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as outsiders."ABC's of DevianceAttitudes...
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Violence in Social Life Introduction- Most sociologists relegate violence to the domain of criminology an deviance- Two overarching assumptions of violence:` Motivated by hostility and the wilful intent to cause harm` Violence is deviant - l...
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Youth Crime ETHNICITY AND YOUTH CRIME The statistics on crime indicate that ethnic minorities in the UK are hugely overrepresented in the CJS.Ethnic minorities make up about 12.5% of the UK population but commit over 30...
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204 Measuring crime - created from Mind Map Police recorded crime (PRC) Indicator of police workload, locally representing the prevalence and incident rate of offending behaviours across 43 territorial police constabularies National crime recording standards (N...
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SOCIOLOGY - CRIME AND DEVIANCE
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Topic 1: Functionalists, Strain and Subcultural Theories Durkheim's Functionalist Theory: *Sees society as a stable system used on value consensus, producing social solidarity, binding individuals together into a harmonious unit. *To achieve this, society has 2 functi...
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Marxist explanation of crime and deviance essay plan IntroductionThe Marxist theory of crime was first developed from Karl Marx's writings by Bonger; and later developed by sociologists such as Chambliss, Snider and Reiman. It is a top down approach that looks at how so...
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Untitled Gender Patterns in crimeMost crime is committed by male. Four out of five convicted offenders are male. Among offenders, a higher proportion of females are convicted of property offences, while a higher proportion of ...
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Defining Deviance Defining Deviance Deviance is the violation of social norms and expectations. Violating norms accepted by either a significant number of people in a community or society, or those with the power to enforce. Is Devianc...
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Class and Gender causes of crime essay Working class cause most crime - usually associated with young unemployed males from less well of backgrounds. - &nb...
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Topic 2: Interactionism and Labelling Theory The Social Construction of Crime: *Labelling theorists argues that deviance is a social construction. *Becker: a deviant simply someone to whom the label has been successfully applied, and deviant be...
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Criminology of time and place There are two rules for the criminology of time and place: Crime is more likely to be committed in the inner city. It is more likely to occur in places that the criminal knows. Zone of Transition - This is crime is ma...
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Module 1 Study Guide Outline fI. Defining Deviance A. What is deviant behavior?1. Deviance is the violation of norms and expectations set by those with the power to enforce social norms. B. What is normal?1. By using Sumner's definition of folkwa...
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Theories of Crime/Deviance - created from Mind Map Functionalism DURKHEIM MERTON Inevitable, Universal, Relative, Functional (reinforces boundaries preventing anomie. - Doesn't explain causes. Crime exists because society shares American Dream. + Messner & Rosenheld: ...
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Criticisms of Situational Crime prevention Situational Crime Prevention CriticismsIt ignores the root causes of the crimes, the theory only looks at preventing the moment in which a crime is committed but does not tackle the reasons for a crime to be committed...
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Marxism - Crime - created from Mind Map Nature and organization of capitalism creates potential for criminal behaivour David Gordon The law as ideology or social control
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Marxism - Crime - created from Mind Map_1 Nature and organization of capitalism creates potential for criminal behaivour David Gordon The law as ideology or social control
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Part 1 STudy Guide Deviance and crime-violation of social normsNorms-behavioral codes that guide people into actionsWilliam Sumner (1907)- defined 3 types of norms Folkways-simple, everyday norms based on custom, tradition, etiquette-vi...
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Sociological Theories on Crime - created from Mind Map Marxism Capitalism can only thrive while the working classes are exploted The class which tends to gain the most is the 'ruling class' Crime in the working class, "blue collar" is thought by Marxists to be caused by t...
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Untitled Prostitution: Phenomenon of P-Taboo subject Bresler- degree of inevitability- always exist Kipling- "most ancient profession" Roberts- P were first to say "no" to patriarchal ownership Functionalist- positive o...
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Marxist theories and sociologists- crime+dev Marxist sociologists and theories:Gordon(1976) - Crime = rational response to capitalist system + is found in all social classes. Selective enforcement of law helps maintain power of ruling class, reinforce ruling cla...
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Realist Approaches to Crime Key Theorists and Terms Key theorists: Murray Wilson Lea and Young Clarke Wilson and Kelling Young Pryce Key terms: marginalisation - feeling ostracised from society, having no one to represent your interests rational...
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On the Sociology of Deviance The deviant is a person whose activities have moved outside the margins of the group and when the community calls him to account for the vagrancy it is making a statement about the nature and placement of its boundari...
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Untitled 3 Perspectives: Absolutist PerspectiveSocial construction perspectiveSocial powerTheories that inform perspectivesNorm violation - Out of the ordinary - departure from social norms- Threat to social order. Reactive co...
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The social distribution of crime - created from Mind Map Age The peak age for offending is between 15 and 18, with young males much more likely to offend than females. The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime Explanations for links between age and crime This is a ...
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The Labelling Theory The Labelling Theorystates that functionalist theories are problem takers - they assume that official statistics are a true and accurate representation of crime ; they week to find the cause of crime and to provide so...
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Moral Panics and Deviancy Amplification - created from Mind Map Moral Panics Fear of a certain crime as a threat An exaggerated over reaction by society to a precieved problem 1. The media identify one group as a folk devil 2.Moral entrepreneurs condemn the group Usually driven or...
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Define Deviance Defining Deviance When we speak of deviance, we refer to violations of social norms. Norms are behavioral codes or prescriptions that guide people into actions and self-presentations that conform to social acceptabili...
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Untitled On the Sociology of Deviance The people of a community spend most of their lives in close contact with one another, sharing a common sphere of experience which makes them feel that they belong to a special "kind" and ...
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Subcultural Strain Theories Key Words Status frustration - being dissatisfied with your role/position in society, and frustrated at your inability to change it. Utilitarian - crimes that make the criminal happier or done with the intention of be...
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Prison is meant to punish and rehabilitate. Prison fails on both counts. To what extent is this the case? It can be argued that reoffending shows that prisons fail to rehabilitate. 30% of convicted offenders in 2009/10 reconvicted within one year. 9,500 people convicted in 2010/11 had 10 or more previous convictions. Kerr...
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Untitled Functionalists and Crime Deviance for functionalists is looked at from a social point of view rather than biological or natural trait of an individual. Deviancy is still essential for society and its well being. Durkh...
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Untitled Intro = Marxism = (Brief overview) - Bourgeoisie manipulate law in order for it to benefit them, often put little account into the Proletariat Looks at why people break the law, who makes the law and who enforce the l...
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Deviant Behavior and Social Control Chapter ONEDeviant- A person whose activities has moved outside the margins of the group, and when the community calls him to account for that vagrancy it is making a statement about the nature and placement of its bo...
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FUNCTIONALISTS Crime is inevitable and universal. Functionalists see too much crime as destableising society, but appreciate that it has positive functions. Ever society has some level of crime and deviance. Crime is normal, an inte...
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About crime and deviance notes
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Start with Defining Deviance if you want to focus on the term itself. For a theory-based starting point, Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theories of Crime opens with key words, including capitalism and criminogenic capitalism. The notes on functionalist crime explanations offer another perspective to compare.
Other notes look at gender and crime, labelling theory, moral panics and crime prevention. There is also an essay plan on Marxist explanations of crime and deviance, alongside a note containing practice questions.
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Read one note, then put its main points into your own words. Compare notes on different theories and check where their explanations differ. When you want a visual summary, switch to a mind map on the unit page; use flashcards for key terms or a quiz to check your recall. Choose a topic and give the notes a try.
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Which note is a useful place to start?
Try Defining Deviance if you want to begin with the meaning of deviance. If you are already working on theories, Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theories of Crime starts with key words. You can then compare it with the notes on functionalist explanations or labelling theory.
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What topics can I find in the notes?
The notes cover definitions of deviance and social control, as well as Marxist, functionalist and labelling theories. You can also find material on gender and crime, youth crime, moral panics, measuring crime and criticisms of situational crime prevention. There are essay plans and practice questions too.