Test 2

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Human Growth SG Test 2

Genetics

23 Pairs of Chromosomes

46 Total

1\2 mom ; 1\2 dad

Pairs 1-22 = autosomes and involve mitosis

23rd pair = sex chromosome and involves meiosis

Single celled organism = zygote

- Twins

monozygotic

1\260 = identical

dizygotic

1\60 = faternal

- Diseases & Disorders 5,000-6,000

3% - 5%

Cystic Fibrosis

Sickle Cell

Diabetes ( Type 1 - pancreas makes no insulin Type 2 - Pancreas makes some insulin; insulin does not work correctly )

Hemophilia ( absence of clotting factor in blood - "bleeder's disease" , "free bleeders" )

Birth Defects = Teratogen / Teralology

- Birth Education Classes = Lamazze

Kleinfelter Syn.

XXY

Fragile X Syn.

xY (dotted x)

Turner Syn.

XO

CELL

Cell Structure

Denchites - Tree like branches coming off cell bodies

Myclin - covers and protects ; speeds up nerve flow

* Synapse - gab between cells

* @ age 5, 10% of brain size is there

In-utero stages:

Germinal Period - Conception to 3 Weeks

Embryotic Period - 3 Weeks to 8 Weeks - Time for things to develop (limbs, internal organs) ...........MOST IMPORTANT STAGE

Fetal Period - 8 Weeks to birth

* Infances sight @ Birth - 20/600

Brazelton Scale

Reflexes

Social Alertness

Apgar Scale - health scale for new borns

*Moro - "startle response"/ arms and legs

*Babinski - Toes fan out

2 Growth Patterns

Cephalo - Caudal = "Vertical Development"

Proximal - Distal = "Horizontal Development"

Pedophileri = "love of a child"

Sensation - Sensing and detecting of stimuli from outside world

Perception - the brain "making sense" and comprehending of incoming stimuli

Psycho - sexual stages

Oral = 0 - 1

Anal = 1 - 3

** Attachment - caused by feeding

Freud - believed it was only feeding

Infancy (0 - 1) = Trust vs mistrust

Toddler (1 - 2) = Autonomy vs Self Doubt

Sensori Motor Stage (0-2)

Piaget Sensori Motor Stage Milestones :

Object Permanence - 8 months old - objects remain in space

Mental Representation - Visual Imprinting of what is seen

Delayed / Deferred Behavior - imitating behavior seen before - EX: Temper Tantrums

* Chomsky: We have a innate ability to comprehend and speak

* L.A.D. = Language Acquisition Device - biological area of the brain

* Broca Area: Speech part of brain in left frontal lobe "left hemisphere"

* Helaphrase: 1 word utterances / communication

telegraphic speech: 2 and 3 Word utterances

Pre-Operational (2-7)

phallic/ "curious"/ start asking questions

Oedipus Complex - competing with dad for mom (boys)

~ HENCE THE TERM: "Momma's Boy"

Election Complex - competing with mom for dad (girls)

~HENCE THE TERM: "Daddy's Girl"

Parenting Styles

Authoritarian - Parents word is "law"

- Not to be questioned

- Misconduct = Punishment

2. Permissive - Parents make a few demands

3. Authoratative - sets limits

- enforces rules

- Parents do listen though

Abuse - actively done to harm a child

Neglect - done passively to harm a child

Child Sexual Abuse

1/3 Girls

1/5 Boys

70% Done by Father Figure

20% Done by Mother Figure

10% Done by "stranger"

Ainsworth "Attachment"