Summary

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Poetic Devises:

To create

rhythm:

-

Repetition

-

Syllable

variation

-

Rhyming

Enhances

meaning

-

Simile-

comparison between to unlike things

-

Metaphor-

Does not use like or as

-

Symbol-

describing one thing to describe something bigger

-

Imagery-

use words to create a image

Intensify

Mode:

-

Exaggeration

-

Onomatopoeia-

boom clash bang

-

Personification:

giving non-living things the qualities of a living thing

-

Alliteration-

using the same constants at the beginning of words.

Persuasive Techniques:

Adjective. Describing

words, often used to make the reader feel a particular way about an issue.

e.g. “Reality shows allow us to feel a bland,

artificial version of that incredible thrill you get from having a crack

and chasing your ambitions.”

Adverbs. Adverbs

are words that modify adjectives or verbs. Like adjectives, they are selected

to make a reader think or feel about something in a particular way.

e.g. “In a recent article, I wrote about my dogs, a

kelpie and a blue heeler, dying from 1080 fox bait. They had eaten it during a

weekend trip to the high country and died horribly.”

Alliteration. The

repetition of words starting with the same to create emphasis.

e.g. ”What must be remembered is this: like the

abolition of torture in the free world, the cessation of cruelty to

animals is paramount.”

Appeals. Writers

often appeal to different emotions, such as a reader’s sense of fairness,

justice or patriotism.

Anecdotes. Short,

personal stories that help to illustrate a point.

e.g. “For my three most recent books, on motherhood,

cancer and nursing, I interviewed more than 300 people about the nuts and bolts

of what our incredibly short time on this planet is really about – life, death,

family and love. If there is one thing I can guarantee, it’s that there will

never be a person who lies on their deathbed, shaking with rage, sobbing, ‘Dear

God, I wish I’d spent more time watching MasterChef.'”

Everyday

language. Writers will often use everyday

language, sometimes called colloquial language, to make themselves seem

down-to-earth.

e.g.

“Fairness is the cornerstone of our constitution and our national identity. But

as we head into an election year, I think we need to ask ourselves whether we

really believe in a fair go for

all.”

Clichés. An

overused expression. Although they should be avoided, clichés give writers an

opportunity to express an idea to their readers quickly.

Here are some examples of clichés:

• Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

• All’s well that ends well.

• As light as a feather.

• Time will tell.

Emotive

words. Words that provoke an emotional

reaction from the audience.

e.g.

“But no, people from the bush were saying it is cruel to kill foxes with a

poison that causes a slow, agonizing death.”

Exaggeration. Writers

often exaggerate or overstate something to help persuade readers of their point

of view.

e.g. “Our experts will tell you a million reasons why it

can’t or shouldn’t be done here. They have turned excuse-making into an art

form.”

Evidence. Writers

will often use evidence – which might take the form of facts, figures, quotes

or graphs – to help support their argument.

e.g. “According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics,

males are 400 per cent more likely to commit an offence intended to cause

injury than are females.”

Expert

opinion. Sometimes writers will use the opinion

of experts to give further weight to their argument.

e.g. “A new research report by Victorian doctors

illustrates why: because when kids are worried their parents will be told their

private medical details, they simply don’t go to the doctor.”

Inclusive

language. Inclusive language – using the words

‘we’ or ‘us’ – is often used to get a reader onside.

e.g.

“We might not like it, but our kids’ right to confidential medical advice

should take precedence over our right to know about it.”

Imagery. Descriptive

writing can be a powerful persuasive technique. Describing something vividly

can persuade readers.

Logic. A

logical, well-structured argument can be very persuasive.

e.g.

“It’s been a trying year for rugby league,

what with betting scandals, controversies over players’ alleged off-field

behavior and an unseemly on-field brawl that marred the sport’s reputation on

approach to the finals.”

e.g. “Racism is no black and white issue”.

Repetition. The

repetition of words, phrases and ideas can be used to reinforce an argument and

drive home the message to a reader.

e.g

“It has been well established here and overseas that if teenagers think they

can see a doctor in confidence, they are more likely to

do so, more likely to go back for repeat visits,

and more likely to disclose sensitive information.”

Rhetorical

question. A question where the answer is obvious, can

help lead readers to a particular conclusion.

e.g. “It has been well established here and overseas that

if teenagers think they can see a doctor in confidence, they are more likely to

do so, more likely to go back for repeat visits, and more likely to disclose

sensitive information. And isn’t this the outcome we want? ”

Simile. Similes,

when one thing is compared to another, can help to persuade by describing.

e.g. “…as dumb as a sack of hammers…”

Tone. The

tone of an article or speech refers to its overall feeling. Is it passionate?

Logical? Reasonable? Mocking? Humorous?

Analysing Poetry

1.

What are the main ideas?

2.

What techniques are used

3.

What is it set?

4.

Literal meaning

5.

Tone

6.

Structure

Analysing persuasive language

1.

Identify the issue

2.

Identify point of view

3.

What is the tone?

4.

Find at least five techniques and allalise how

they make you feel

Essay Questions:

WILLIAM STREET

Kenneth Slessor explores the inner city of Sydney in

his poem William Street. His perspective is atypical and he finds beauty in the

vibrant, busheling nature of the city. His unusual perspective is captured when

he addresses the responder at the conclusion of each stanza ‘you find this ugly

I find it lovely’. The description of late night food being served in this

street appeals to the auditory and olfactory senses, “smells rich and rasping,

smoke and fat and fish”. A strong sense of place is created in the phrase

‘onions with a hiss’ and the onomatopoeia engages the responder.

William street is described as a place with movement

and excitement. The poet captures the vibrancy and excitement of the area by

the adjectival phrases, ‘pulsing arrows’ and ‘the running fire. These

descriptions represent the kaleidoscope of artificial light at night time tht

attracts people to the businesses open.

William

Street in the infamous Kings cross area was home to a variety of colourful

people. Slessor uses slang in “the dips and molls”and captures their

impoverished life by using parentheses. Both “death” and " hunger’ are

personified as someone relentlessly pursuing these people yet the verb

“ranging” suggests their confidence when they walk the “pavements of their

pasturage”. Pawn shops, a source of loans for the poor were present in William

Street and “ghost’s trousers” suggests that people were so desperate for money

that they sold the clothing of their deceased.

Slessor talks

about the carfree and unanxious people of the lower class that roam the area. It

is Even though they have “Death at there elbows, hunger at there knees”. It is

a free way of life were people have escaped our normal rythms of life and are

out to have fun and party even though they are at the dodgy end of town.

Slessor

In the last

stanza of William street we watch the people of this area being chased by death

and hunger “Death at there elbows, hunger at there knees”. But realise that

they still are living life and are carfree “with flip and shiny gaze”. They see

the streets as their home and the place they can find food “ Ranging the

pavments of the pasturage”.

Persuasive Criteria

- Audience

- Text

structure

- Ideas

- Techniques

- Cohesion

- Paragraphing

- sentence

structure

- punctuation

- spelling

Narrative

- audience

- structure

- ideas

- character

and setting

- cohesion

- paragraphing

- sentence

structure

- punctuation

- spelling

A poet can

experience various emotions that can be both negative and positive through an

encounter with a place. This is evident in poems “Harbour Dusk” by Robert Gray

and “William Street” by Kenneth Slessor. Gray creates a negative atmosphere to

his poem “Harbour Dusk” however the poem does not completely revolve around

negative connotations as such. At times in the poem ‘Harbour Dusk’, the poet

portrays a isolated and tranquil surrounding though the atmosphere delivers a sense

of melancholy. On the other hand, Slessor’s poem “William Street” challenges

the readers by attributing beauty to the urban setting of the city streets.

The poem “Harbour Dusk” conveys sadness and demise that an individual can

experience due to place. The persona experiences negative emotions whilst

observing the Harbour. The negative feelings the persona experiences are evoked

through the separation from his companion. Moreover, the poet uses colour to

depict place and additionally reveal his emotional response. This is revealed

when the persona describes the sky; “overcast sky” referring to the grey,

monochromatic colour of the sky. This further creates a somber quality for the

place, representing sadness and lack of hope. In the line “empty fields of

water”, the adjective “empty” is used to establish a sense of loneliness and

isolation. This reveals the poet’s negative emotions of disconnection. It is

also used in a metaphorical way and to a certain extent reinforces the vastness

of the Harbour thus implying his lack of connection to the place.

In contrast to the somber quality for the place due to his part from his

companion, the poet creates a serene atmosphere despite the negative

connotations. This is shown when Gray describes the soft movements of the

yachts; “gently rested like a quill”. The use of the simile is effective as it

expresses the persona’s relaxed state of mind, portraying the atmosphere around

the persona to be perceived as quiet, still and tranquil. This is...

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Poem

Harbour Dusk

William Street

Emotion

Emptiness

Lack of connection

Somber quality

Vibrancy

Moving

bright

General view

- beautiful

- tranquil

- dangerous

- stingy

colours

Aubergine dark

Fare shore of dark

Mulberry

Orage chiffron

Mauve grey

Red globe

Liqure green

Sounds

hush

hiss

Important lines

Beneth an overcast sky

Empty fields of water

As though resolve was ill

Some melanchony nuns

Moist hush

Fading life

Pulsing arrows

Rich and rasping

Fat and fish

You find it ugly, I find it lovely

Moral

The somber quality of the harbour with it’s

emptiness stops the movement and excitement of or little city.

adventure is paired with danger and excitement. The

life on William street is exciting with a morbid touch and the

All together

A city is what you make it . A place is how you see

it.