Pregunta 1
Pregunta
When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.
Respuesta
-
Vas Deferens
-
Cavernous
-
Prostatic
-
Membranous
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the reninangiotensin system will be activated by:
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
When the nurse is discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what other term should the nurse use?
Respuesta
-
Pyramid
-
Collecting duct
-
Calyx
-
Nephron
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A 35yearold hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
When the nurse is discussing the sodiumsensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?
Respuesta
-
Macula densa
-
Podocytes
-
Mesangial Cells
-
Loop of Henle
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
A 28-year-old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient’s infection is located in the:
Respuesta
-
Bladder
-
Glomerulus
-
Renal Tubules
-
Renal Pelvis
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A 42yearold male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by:
Respuesta
-
Obstruction of the proximal tubule
-
Kidney stones
-
Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
-
Inadequate renal blood flow
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A 60yearold male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A 45yearold female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:
Respuesta
-
Red blood cells being lost in the urine
-
Inadequate production of erythropoietin
-
Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus
-
Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
A 42yearold female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:
Respuesta
-
Fats
-
Proteins
-
Sugars
-
Complex Carbohydrates
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of:
Respuesta
-
Phosphate
-
Struvite
-
Calcium
-
Magnesium
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
A 25yearold female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?
Respuesta
-
Chlamydia
-
Escherichia coli
-
Streptococcus
-
Candida albicans
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as:
Respuesta
-
Hypospadias
-
Cryptorchidism
-
Hydroureter
-
Epispadias
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?
Respuesta
-
Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness
-
Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites
-
Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension
-
Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A 7yearold male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
Respuesta
-
Diurnal enuresis
-
Secondary enuresis
-
Primary enuresis
-
Nocturnal enuresis
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A 15yearold female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond?
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of female anatomy? Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into:
Respuesta
-
A theca cell
-
Scar tissue
-
An atretic follicle
-
A corpus luteum
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of progesterone? Progesterone is primarily secreted by the:
Respuesta
-
Granulose cells
-
Anterior pituitary
-
Follicle
-
Corpus luteum
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
A clinician is preparing to teach about spermatogenesis. Which information should the clinician include? Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
Respuesta
-
Inguinal canals
-
Seminiferous tubules
-
Vas deferens
-
Epididymis
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
When a staff member asks the nurse what the thick middle layer of the uterine wall is called, what is the nurse’s best response? The:
Respuesta
-
Endometrium
-
Epithelial layer
-
Perimetrium
-
Myometrium
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to:
Respuesta
-
A disruption of the pituitary
-
Slow maturation
-
A disruption in the hypothalamus
-
Ambiguity in sex determination
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A 21yearold female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?
Respuesta
-
Ovarian
-
Endometrial
-
Vulvar
-
Cervical
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Cryptorchidism can be defined as:
Respuesta
-
Problems with testicular descent
-
An abnormal state in which the testes are overdeveloped
-
Lack of a scrotum
-
A normal developmental state of the testes
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
A middle aged male speaks to his physician about benign BPH. He reveals that his father was recently diagnosed with this condition, and he wants to know if he could have it. The physician tells him that a common complaint from men with mild to moderate BPH is:
Respuesta
-
Infertility
-
Sexual Dysfunction
-
Decreased Urinary Stream
-
Prostatodynia
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The patient’s medication has a side effect of gynecomastia. The patient asks the nurse to define this term. The nurse would respond that gynecomastia is:
Respuesta
-
Overdevelopment of breast tissue in males
-
A type of breast cancer
-
Inflammation of the mammary glands in lactating women
-
Lack of breast development in women
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
A 25yearold female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. She is diagnosed with PCOS. Lab testing will most likely reveal:
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
A 30yearold female with newly diagnosed PCOS is being counseled by her OBGYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in:
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A 23yearold sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch. She is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis caused by overgrowth of which microorganism?
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal is called a:
Respuesta
-
Varicocele
-
Urethrocele
-
Rectocele
-
Cystocele
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
A 40yearold female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors are commonly called:
Respuesta
-
Endometriosis
-
Adenomas
-
Adenomyosis
-
Leiomyomas
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?
Respuesta
-
Lower esophageal
-
Pyloric
-
Ileocecal valve
-
Haustral
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum known as the _____ that contains an extensive vascular and nervous network.
Respuesta
-
Mesentery
-
Meissner plexus
-
Myenteric plexus
-
Auerbach fold
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into:
Respuesta
-
Conjugated bilirubin
-
Urobilinogen
-
Unconjugated bilirubin
-
Biliverdin
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:
Respuesta
-
Beta cells
-
Islets of Langerhans
-
Ducts
-
Alpha Cells
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The nursing student is teaching a class to second graders. The student would correctly identify that food moves down the esophagus via the process termed:
Respuesta
-
Haustral segmentation
-
Peristalsis
-
Retropulsion
-
Defecation
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A 10monthold is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and irritability. Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering?
Respuesta
-
Ileus
-
Torsion
-
Hernia
-
Intussusception
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
A 20yearold male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.
Respuesta
-
Hypotonic
-
Osmotic
-
Secretory
-
Motility
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of:
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
A 30yearold obese female underwent gastric resection in an attempt to lose weight. Which of the following complications could the surgery cause?
Respuesta
-
Hiccups
-
Constipation
-
Anemia
-
Acid Reflux Gastritis
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which of the following symptoms would help a health care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease?
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
A 16yearold female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a lowgrade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:
Respuesta
-
Pancreatitis
-
Hepatitis
-
Appendicitis
-
Colon cancer
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
A 54yearold male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?
Respuesta
-
Cirrhosis of the liver
-
Thrombosis in the spleen
-
Renal stenosis
-
Left ventricular failure
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:
Respuesta
-
Decreased cerebral blood flow
-
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
-
Hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
-
Impaired ammonia metabolism
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?
Respuesta
-
Hemolytic
-
Hepatocellular
-
Metabolic
-
Obstructive
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
A 55yearold female has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. IV cholangiography would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing the
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):
Respuesta
-
Secretory response to hiatal hernia
-
Inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux
-
Congenital anomaly
-
Immune response to gastroesophageal reflux
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following gastrointestinal (GI) clinical manifestations is subjective? (Select all that apply.)
Respuesta
-
Diarrhea
-
Retching
-
Nausea
-
Anorexia
-
Vomiting
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:
Respuesta
-
Fluid reserves are lower in children
-
Children have lower adipose reserves.
-
Children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.
-
Children have a lower metabolic rate.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which condition should the nurse assess for in mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations?
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
A mother brings her 2weekold infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated as though undigested. The infant is most likely suffering from:
Respuesta
-
Pyloric stenosis
-
Meconium ileus
-
Galactosemia
-
Esophageal atresia
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
A 2monthold female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following family complaints of chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:
Respuesta
-
Absence of ganglia along the length of the colon
-
Excessive use of glycerin suppositories to promote bowel elimination
-
Additional ganglia throughout the length of the colon
-
The use of cow’s milk instead of formula
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
When a staff member asks the nurse about the contractile unit of a muscle, how should the nurse reply? The contractile unit of a muscle cell is called the:
Respuesta
-
Myofibril
-
Ribosome
-
Motor Unit
-
Basement membrane
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
When the nurse is using the term “sarcopenia,” what is the nurse describing? It is the:
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
While planning care for a patient with muscle problems, which information should the nurse remember? _____ ions directly control the contraction of muscles.
Respuesta
-
Potassium
-
Sodium
-
Calcium
-
Magnesium
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The nurse observed the patient’s muscle contracted, but the limb did not move. How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction?
Respuesta
-
Isotonic contraction
-
Concentric contraction
-
Eccentric contraction
-
Isometric contraction
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which of the following clinical findings would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?
Respuesta
-
Dark Urine
-
Sweating
-
Yellow Color to the Skin
-
Lower Extremity Swelling
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
A 70yearold female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:
Respuesta
-
Excessive dietary calcium
-
Strenuous exercise
-
Increased androgen levels
-
Decreased estrogen levels
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
A disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:
Respuesta
-
Osteomyelitis
-
Paget disease
-
Osteosarcoma
-
Rickets
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
A 54yearold female was recently diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. This condition is characterized by loss of:
Respuesta
-
Synovial fluid
-
Articular cartilage
-
The epiphyses
-
The joint capsule
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Researchers now believe that RA is:
Respuesta
-
Curable with antiviral agents
-
An autoimmune disease
-
A complication of rheumatic fever
-
Related superficial joint injury
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
A 46yearold male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.
Respuesta
-
Uric acid
-
Pyrimidines
-
Acetic acid
-
Purines
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
A 32yearold male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibers decreased, a condition referred to as:
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
A 70yearold female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture?
Respuesta
-
Greenstick fracture
-
Fatigue fracture
-
Stress fracture
-
Pathologic fracture
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by:
Respuesta
-
Diffuse pain, fatigue, and tender points
-
Neurologic pain in the skeletal muscles
-
Muscle pain in the back and gastrointestinal symptoms
-
Pain resulting from joint and muscle inflammation
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Ewing sarcoma originates from:
Respuesta
-
The Spleen
-
Osteoblasts
-
The Bone Marrow
-
Epithelial Cells
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Children with OI suffer from frequent:
Respuesta
-
Dislocations
-
Bone Infections
-
Bone Fractures
-
Joint Injuries
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Tinea corporis (ringworm) is a _____ infection of the skin.
Respuesta
-
Nematode
-
Bacterial
-
Fungal
-
Viral
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
A 20yearold female presents with vaginal itch and thinwalled pustular lesions. She is diagnosed with candidiasis. This condition is caused by a:
Respuesta
-
Virus
-
Bacterium
-
Yeast
-
Fungus
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
When assessing a patient with scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?
Respuesta
-
Hardening
-
Thinning
-
Necrosis
-
Hyperpigmented
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
A 40yearold female is diagnosed with skin cancer. Her primary care provider explains that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:
Respuesta
-
Amount of sun exposure over age 50
-
Living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense
-
Amount of direct sun exposure at a young age
-
Lifetime amount of sun exposure
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
In burn injury patients, the rule of nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
A 30yearold male firefighter is badly burned and is admitted to the emergency department. Which of the following would be expected in the first 24 hours?
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Rubella, rubeola, and roseola are common communicable diseases caused by _____ infection.
Respuesta
-
Yeast
-
Fungal
-
Viral
-
Bacterial
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
If a woman has a 28 day menstrual cycle, when will ovulation occur?
Respuesta
-
Day 1
-
Last day
-
Day 14
-
Day 28
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
A 40 year old patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis? What lab values would you expect to find?