3176909
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
All of the following are true about Henderson-Hasselbalch equation except
Respuesta
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If pKa < pH then A- > HA i.e. dissociated
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if pKa > pH, then HA > A- i.e. not dissociated
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When Concentration of A- and HA are equal then pH=pKa
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None of the above
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
All of the following are sequence of events in the transport of bicarbonate
Respuesta
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Tissues like liver generate CO2 by cellular respiration
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CO2 + H2O in the presence of carbonic anhydrase in RBC results in H2CO3
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H2CO3 dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
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H+ is taken up by the Hemoglobin and HCO3- is exchanged for PO4-
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
All of the following regarding Oxy-Hb dissociation curve are true except?
Respuesta
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Shift to the right means more O2 is released to the tissues
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Low pH, high PCO2, increased H+ concentration and increased 2,3DPG all cause a shift to the right
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Hemoglobin and Myoglobin both have the same type of curve
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Proton binding by Hb reduces oxygen affinity is called the Bohr effect
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Oxygen has >200 times greater affinity for Hb than CO
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
all of the following regarding enzymes are true except?
Respuesta
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The velocity of all enzyme reactions is dependent on the concentration of the Substrate
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The initial velocity of product formation (vi) proportional to Concentration of ES
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Velocity continues to increase with increasing substrate concentration
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
In competitive inhibition Vmax is decreased and Km is unchanged, in noncompetitive inhibition Vmax remains unchanged and Km is changed
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
All of the following regarding allosteric enzyme are correct except
Respuesta
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Regulation via allosterism can be more powerful since activators don't use catalytic site
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Inhibitors have stronger effect than at active site
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changes can be rapid
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Allosteric enzyme has a sigmoid curve
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None of the above
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all of the above
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
All of the following are irreversible steps in Glycolysis except
Respuesta
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Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate
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Fructose 6 phosphate to Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
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PEP to Pyruvate
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Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
All of the following regarding Glucokinase are true except?
Respuesta
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low Km for glucose
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High Vmax for glucose
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indirectly inhibited by fructose 6 phosphate and stimulated by glucose
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Not inhibited by Glucose 6 phosphate
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Mutation of this enzyme cause MODY 2 and also play a role in gestational diabetes
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
All of the following about PFK1 are true except
Respuesta
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PFK 1 irreversibly commits G6P to glycolysis
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PFK1 is allosterically inhibited by ATP
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PFK1 is allosterically activated by AMP and fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
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none of the above
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Pyruvate Kinase deficiency causes hemolytic anemia
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
All of the following are true about Warburg effect except?
Respuesta
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Proliferating cells get ATP from glycolysis not Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Glycolysis is up regulated by oncogenes
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Damaged mitochondria so no TCA cycle only glycolysis
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Works for all body cancers including brain
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
All of the following about PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) are true except
Respuesta
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Co factor for E1 is B1, Cofactor for E2 is lipoic acid and cofactor for E3 is FAD/NAD
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E1 is X linked
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PDH deficiency causes lactic acidosis and a type of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh disease)
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None of the above
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Following all are the fates of pyruvate except
Respuesta
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Transmination becomes Alanine
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Dehydrogenation becomes acetyl CoA (by PDH in the presence of Oxygen)
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In the absence of oxygen becomes lactate
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Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate
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none of the above
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
PDH kinase inactivates PDC
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The only substrate level ATP production in TCA cycle is from succinyl CoA to succinate
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
TCA cycle produces NADH for OxPhos, OxPhos produces ATP
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
All of the following about ETC is correct except?
Respuesta
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Complex I cofactor is NADH
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Complex II - Cofactor FADH2
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CoQ only component of ETC not protein bound
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Complex III - cytochrome b-c1
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ETC reduces NADH and FADH2
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
All of the following statements are true except
Respuesta
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Rotenone is inhibitor of complex 1 in ETC
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Inhibition of Complex 1 causes a decrease in proton gradient
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Oligomycin is an ATP synthase inhibitor - which increases the proton gradient
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2,4 Dinitrophenol is an uncoupling agent - which increases proton gradient
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The primary carbon-containing molecules that are substrates for gluconeogenesis are alanine from protein degradation, lactate from anaerobic glycolysis and glycerol from fat
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
All of the following are gluconeogenic enzymes except
Respuesta
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Pyruvate carboxylase
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PEP carboxykinase
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Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
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Glucose 6 phosphatase
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None of the above
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
All of the following are true about HMP shunt
Respuesta
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Provides a source of NADPH and ribose
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Oxidative (irreversible) reaction generates NADPH
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Non oxidative (reversible) reaction generated Ribose 5 phosphate
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all of the above
-
1 and 2 only
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
All of the following are true about Reactive Oxygen Species
Respuesta
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SOD, Catalase and Glutathione are all the enzymes that are used as a defense against oxygen toxicity
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OH radicle attacks the C=C polyunsaturated lipid in membrane which yields malondialdehyde
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Free radical production is part of host defense, intended to destroy microorganism and tumor cells
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All of the above
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Acetaminphen
Respuesta
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Normal amounts of which are sulphated or glucuronated for excretion
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Excess is oxidized by Cyp 2E1 to toxic NAPQI
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NAPQI cannot be metabolized
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N acetyl cysteine is the treatment for acetaminophen toxicity
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Ethanol
Respuesta
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Dehydrogenated to Acetaldehyde by ADH which is then dehydrogenated by ALDH to acetyl CoA
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Pyruvate is converted to lactate to generate NAD+ which can be used in the above dehydrogenase reactions as Hydrogen acceptor
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Lactic acidosis, gout, hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia are all acute effects of ethanol metabolism
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all of the above are correct
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