Fichas
chapter 7
Fichas del conjunto (27)
- 1object relationstheorists Melanie Klein, Margaret Mahler, Heins Kohut, Otto Kernberg, and Nancy Chodorow-seek to understand the interaction between intrapsychic dynamic and interpersonal relationships.
- 2relational cultural theorya perspective that has enormous potential to reshape our understanding. whereas the object relations theorists emphasize the intraphasize experience of relationships with others
- 3objectis the aim of relational needs in human development , and object relations are the intrapsychic experiences of those early relationships
- 4splittingthis splitting of the object image into opposites in the internal world of fantasy permits children to treat the internalized object as clearly good or bad while continuing to trust and love the actual external person who is an intricate combination of both.
- 5good methe feeling of "good" me stems from the nurturance that is seen as acceptance by the mother, and the feeling of "bad me" stems from the frustration that is seen as rejection
- 6object relations theorypersonality is shaped by relationships with significant others. We begin life with certain genetic predispositions but with no sense of self or identity
- 7human relations theoryKernberg suggested that it would be also appropriate to term object relations theory human relations theory. However, in a sense, the inclusive term object is more accurate because people develop relationships with nonhuman things.
- 8inner worldKlein was more interested in the reality of the "inner world" than in that of the "outer world" One result of her preference has been that object relations theory has been very helpful for understanding psychopathology
- 9margaret mahlerexplored the processes of separation and individuation by which the child emerges from a symbiotic, or intimate, fusion with the mother and assumes individual characteristics
- 10Margaret findingsher findings confirm that the biological birth of an infant and the psycho social birth of an individual are not the same.
- 11continued..by studying and comparing severely disturbed and normal children, Mahler constructed a sequence of stages through which the ego passes in the process of becoming an individual.
- 12separation-individuationoptimally begins about the fourth month and leads to the formation of a stable self-concept bear the end of the third year.
- 13separationimplies physical differentiation and separateness from ones primary caregiver.
- 14individuationsuggests psychological growth away from ones primary caregiver
- 15normal symbiosisin which the infants ego develops from a state of absolutely primary narcissism to a recognition of the external world
- 16differentiationthe development of a body image separate of the of the mother ( 5-9) month
- 17practicingperfecting motor abilities and developing physical independence
- 18rapprochementincreased awareness of separateness from its mother, with an accompanying sensitivity to her absence that expresses a conflict between the urge to separate and the fear of loss and a recognition that mothers have both food and bad aspects
- 19consolidationunification of the good and bad in mother with the image of her as a separate entity in the external world and the beginnings of the child's own individuality and separate person hood as seen in the development of a self concept based on a stable sense of "me" (2-3 years)
- 20Heinz KohutObject relations theorists emphasize the importance of effectively meeting early infantile needs.
- 21self-theoryKohut was very specific in his self theory. He maintained that children need to be mirrored- to have their talk and their accomplishments acknowledged, accepted, and praised. Little children believe that they are accomplishments and they also idealize their parents.
- 22idealizationsenables them to develop goals. In time, most children learn that their idealized notions are incorrect , and they substitute a more realistic assessment of both themselves and their parents.
- 23nuclear selfin ideal development, the nuclear self, a preliminary core self, emerges in the second year.
- 24autonomous selfthe ideal autonomous self has qualities of self esteem and self confidence, establishes both general ambition and precise goals, and develops talents and skills in order to meet them. Furthermore, the autonomous self shows healthy independence and flexibility in the interpersonal relations.
- 25narcissismdysfunctional behavior is an immature effort to resolve early trauma. Narcissism and narcissistic character disorders that occur when an individual fails to develop an independent sense of self. He theorized that there is a narcissistic line of development that occurs distinct from and before ego and psychosexual development.
- 26bordenline personality disordera serious mental illness more common than shizophrenia or bipolar disorder but less well known. Such patients are unable to engage in introspection, develop insight, and work through problems.
- 27transference focused psychotherapyinitially the stress is placed on current behavior rather than past events. Kernbergs method of treatment, which calls tranference focused psychotherapy differs from classical psychoanalysis in that complete transference neurosis is not permitted to develop, nor is transference resolved through interpretation alone.
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre chapter 7, creado por Nilska Guerrero el 26/09/2017.
- Creado por
- Nilska Guerrero
- Visitas
- 2
- Valoración