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Chapter 8
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- 11. What is Radical behaviorismBelieving that a stimulus-response theory of psychology can account for all of the overt behaviors that psychologists seek to explain
- 22. What is empiricism?suggests that all knowledge originates in experience. (Ex. John Locke- one of the first empiricist philosophers
- 33. Classical conditioningThe behavior of individual organisms is carefully studied in controlled laboratory settings, and the relationship between the behavior and factors in that environment is articulated.
- 44. What are the main parts of classical conditioning?Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response.
- 55. Behaviorismpsychology emphasize the study of overt rather than covert behavior.
- 66. law of effectstates that when a behavior or performance is accompanied by satisfaction, it tends to happen again. If the performance is accompanied by frustration, it tends to decrease.
- 77. According to Dollard and MIller's thepry Habit refers to?some kind of learned association between a stimulus and a response that makes them occur together frequently.
- 88. What was Dollard and Miller's main concern?to specify those conditions in the environment that encourage the acquisition of habits.
- 99. Drive reductionThe primary dynamic underlying personality development and the acquisition of habits
- 1010. Drivea strong stimulation that produces discomfort, such as hunger.
- 1111. What did Hull believe in?Believed that learning occurs only if a response of an organism is followed by the reduction of some need or drive.
- 1212. Primary drivesthose associated with physiological processes that are necessary for an organism's survival, such as the drives of hunger, thirst, and the need for sleep.
- 1313. Secondary drivesare learned on the basis of primary ones. An example of a secondary drive is being motivated to eat at one's usual dinner hour or wanting to earn money in order to buy food.
- 1414. What is a reinforcer?any event that increases the likelihood of a particular response
- 1515. What do primary reinforcers do?are those that reduce primary drives, such as food, water, or need of sleep
- 1616. What do secondary reinforcers do?are originally neutral, but they acquire reward value when they are associated with primary reinforcers. Ex. money is a secondary reinforcer because you can use it to buy food.
- 1717. Reflexresponses are automatic responses to specific stimuli
- 1818. Hierarchy of responserefers to a tendency for certain responses to occur before others. If a responses is unsuccessful, however, an organism will try the next response in the hierarchy.
- 1919. What are the four main conceptual parts of the learning process?Drive, cue, response, and reinforcement (Extinction and learning dilemma, part of reinforcement)
- 2020. CueA specific stimulus that tells the organism when, where, and how to respond.
- 2121. reinforcementrefers to the effect of the response. Effective reinforcement consists of drive reduction.
- 2222. What is extinction?if a response is not reinforced by satisfying a drive
- 2323. learning dilemmaIf present responses are not reinforcing, the individual will try different responses until one is developed that satisfies the drive.
- 2424. FrustrationOccurs when one is unable to reduce a drive because the response that would satisfy it has been blocked
- 2525. conflictIf the frustration arises from a situation in which incompatible responses are occurring at the same time
- 2626. Infrahuman specieshave shown that we can be quite successful in predicting the behavior of simple laboratory animals under controlled conditions
- 2727. unconscious processeswe are unaware of certain drives or cues because they are unlabeled. Unconscious processes refer to cues or responses that once were conscious but have been repressed because they were ineffective.
- 2828. reciprocal inhibitionentails the introduction of a competitive response that will interfere with the original maladaptive response.
- 2929. systematic desensitizationin which a patient is conditioned to stop responding to a stimulus in an undesired manner and to substitute a new response.
- 3030. species- specific behaviorcomplex, rather than reflex, behaviors that occur in all members of a species.
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- Fichas sobre Chapter 8, creado por Leanette Estrada el 04/10/2017.
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- Leanette Estrada
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