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- 1memorythe persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
- 2encodingthe processing of information into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning
- 3storagethe process of retaining encoded information over time
- 4retrievalthe process of getting information out of memory storage
- 5parallel processingthe processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
- 6sensory memorythe immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
- 7short-term memoryactivated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
- 8long-term memorythe relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
- 9working memorya newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
- 10explicit memorymemory of the facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". (aka declarative memory)
- 11effortful processingencoding that requires attention and conscious effort
- 12automatic processingunconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meaning
- 13implicit memoryretention independent of conscious recollection (aka non-declarative memory)
- 14iconic memorya momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
- 15echoic memorya momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention was elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
- 16chunkingorganizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
- 17mnemonicsmemory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
- 18spacing effectthe tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
- 19testing effectenhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning
- 20shallow processingencoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words
- 21deep processingencoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
- 22hippocampusa neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
- 23flashbulb memorya clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
- 24long-term potentiation (LTP)an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
- 25recalla measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
- 26recognitiona measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
- 27relearninga measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
- 28primingthe activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
- 29mood-congruent memorythe tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
- 30serial position effectour tendency to recall best the last (a recency effect) and first items (a primary effect) in a list
- 31anterograde amnesiaan inability to form new memories
- 32retrograde amnesiaan inability to retrieve information one's past
- 33proactive interferencethe disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
- 34retroactive interferencethe disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
- 35repressionin psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
- 36misinformation effectincorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
- 37source amnesiaattributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the source of many false memories
- 38deja vuthat eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
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- Fichas sobre 7, creado por Maddie Fisher el 20/11/2017.
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- Maddie Fisher
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