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Human Bio. Midterm 2 : Body Organization and Hierarchy
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- 1System OrganizationCells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems - 2Cell theory (3 points)All living organisms are made of cells
Smallest unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells - 3Eukaryotic cells : what do they make up? what are they not? what are some examples of eukaryotic cells? what is their size compared to prokaryotes?• Eukaryotic cells make up all eukaryotic organisms.
• Eukaryotic = all organisms that are not bacteria (bacteria is prokaryotic|)
• Eukaryotic includes plants, animals, fungi, etc.
• Usually magnitude 10 larger than eukaryotic cells, contain more info, etc. nucleus - 4Endosymbiotic theory• States that eukaryotic cells came about as a result of different types of prokaryotic cells entering into symbiotic or endosymbiotic relationships.
- 5What are organelles?A bunch of subcellular structures that each have a unique function that keep the cell healthy
- 6Organelle : Nucleus (4) what does it house? what does it serve as? surrounded by what? studded with what which does what?• Houses DNA (which has instructions for proteins)
• Serves as control system (can get hijacked by viruses)
• Surrounded by two membranes that form the nuclear envelope.
• Nuclear envelope is studded with nuclear pores which regulate traffic in and out of nucleus. - 7Organelle : Cytosol what is it and what does it contain?• Watery matrix between nucleus and outer cell boundary (contains salts and necessary enzymes)
- 8What does the cytoplasm include?• Includes cytosol and organelles
- 9Organelle: Mitochondria. What does it do? What is it surrounded by, separated by and what does that do?• Manufactures cellular energy
• Surrounded by inner and outer membranes separated by intermembrane space (this carries proteins involved in ATP production) - 10What is matrix the site of?Matrix is the site of reactions that releases energy from nutrients.
- 11Organelle : Lysosomes (3) involved in what? what do they degrade? what do they engulf?• Involved in energy release from nutrients
• Are membrane-enclosed sacs of enzymes which degrade carbs, fats and proteins.
• Roam around cell and engulf nutrients and dead and dying organelles; recyclers. - 12Organelle : Ribosomes What join here to form what? WHere are they constructed? Where do they float or attach to?• Sites where amino acids are joined to form proteins.
• Constructed in the nucleus and shipped to the cytosol via nuclear pores.
• Found free floating in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. - 13Where are proteins produced and what they the basis of?Ribosomes
Proteins form the basis of some phenotypes - 14What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? WHat is it involved in? What is it called when there are ribosomes attached? When there's not?• A network of membranes running from the nuclear envelope into cytosol
• ER with ribosomes attached = rough ER
• ER without = Smooth ER
• ER is involved with detoxifying harmful substances and synthesizing lipids - 15What is the Golgi apparatus and what is it's function?• A stack of membranous sacs
• It packages and labels items (proteins) which it then sends to different parts of the cell. - 16What is the cytoskeleton and what does it help maintain?• A network of filaments and tubules composed of proteins
• Helps a cell maintain its shape and move - 17What is the plasma membrane? What does it do? What does it serve a barrier as? Is it permeable or semi-permeable?• The outermost boundary of a cell
• Isolates the cell’s contents from the environment
• Serves as a barrier that determines which substances enter and the leave the cell
• Semi-permeable
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- Fichas sobre Human Bio. Midterm 2 : Body Organization and Hierarchy , creado por michellelynnlebl el 04/11/2014.
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