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Matthew Payne Inglés 78 fichas

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1Advantages and disadvantages of standalone and online softwareMatthew Payne
2Standalone software: Is installed on your computer,from a CD or download.Key Advantages: Its on your hard-drive so runs fast & doesn't need need the internet.
It has less risk of being affected by people accessing your files and it is reliable.
3Disadvantages Standalone software could be put onto a server/network and you can assess your data from your computer in other parts of the location.Standalone services can be much more expensive(Pay per month) and have to update it yourself
4Online software: Is accessed over the internet via your web browser.Key advantages: You can access on all devices (PC,Laptop,phone,tablet)
5It can be accessed anywhere on the go,You only need internet connection.It is free and doesn't need you to personally update the software,Online software do it automatically.
6Disadvantages of online software Reliability: If your online service is unavailable you cannot assess your files.security: Your online service could be at risk from hackers wanting to view your files.
7Restore and restore: If you're backing up a file it is important to make sure that you RESTORE these files if the original copy is deleted or corrupted.Collaborative working together:
8Advantages: allows people wok on the same document or project.1. staff can collaborate online,even if they are in different places or countries.
2. So they don't need to travel ,which saves money and helps environment .
3. You only need 1 version of the document
9Disadvantage May have an issue and the software may not work/be unavailable.Server: Runs special software to a serve computers,Different types such as include files,web and email servers.
10Client: A computer /device that uses services provided by a server.The computer you use to assess the internet is a client.Routers: Device that route(direct) data traffic through a network.They are intelligent and will try and find the best route.
11Backbone: A 'Big' cable (often fibre optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet.Cables: Form the connections between all the hardware. Includes all kinds of cable such as fibre & telephone lines.
12An ISP is something that allows connection to the internet.I would be too expensive to connect to the internet so a ISP makes it easier An ISP can provide additional services for a fee,such as website development and tech support.RFID- RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION.
Used to identify and track products for stock control.
(like a bar code but doesn't need to be scanned)
13NAP- Network assess point.
14—Dial up connections
Weird connection via modem & phone wires.
15Advantages: - can use existing telephone wires. - Gives connection where broadband is not available.Disadvantages:
- Older technology can give poor reception.
- usually slower than other methods.
16Broadband is wired connection via an internet supplier.Advantages:
-Better reception and speed than dial up.
17Disadvantages: - Wired,so has to be used on a stationary computer. - Broadband is not available in rural areas.Wireless is connects without using cables.
18Advantages: - Not fixed to a stationary computer. - Can be used whenever wireless internet is available.Disadvantages:
- Needs have wireless internet available.
- Can be less secure than wired internet.
19Bandwidth : This is how much capacity (space) there is to carry digital data as 1s and measured in bits per second.High bandwidth means more data can be moved,so giving a faster internet connection and higher transmission rate.
20Protocols are rules that allow computer systems to connect with different systems to transfer data.Internet protocol is responsible fore :
- Handling the routine of packets
- That's addressing,sending and receiving packets over the net.
21Transmission control protocol(TCP) responsible fore: - Breaking data into packets - Assembling the packets again when they arrive.File transfer protocol (FTP):
Protocol which allows files to be transferred between two computers or devices.It is usually used to upload and download files to a server.
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23HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) HTTP is a set of rules that handle what we do on the web Handles your request to load a page from a web server. It also handles the response to download the web page.HTTPS
- The 'S' means secure.
Data in the web page is scrabbled before sending across the internet.
So if data is intercepted it cannot be understood.
24FTP (File Transfer Protocol) An old protocol It is used to download files from a server Often used by web developers To use FTP you use a username and a password.
25Client side - This is a user on any device searching the internet.Server side - Server side is the search engines database.
26Search engine - This is applications that use key words to find the web page.some search engines are bing,google,yahoo.Spider/web crawler - This is a program or automated script that browses the WWW .This proces provides up to date data.
27index - The index is a list of where all the web pages can be found.This is stored on the database.Database - A database is a collection of data or information which is held in an organised or logical way.
28Sponsored link results - A paid advertisement in the form of a hypertext link that's shows up on search results pages (ADs are typically for products)Adverts - A pop up or link to a product or something that a company would,d want to announce/advertise.
29Popularity - Something that somebody likes and is supported by many people.store and forward - Term used to describe mail that is stored in the server and then forwarded to a device.
30address book/contact group - A feature of email where you can contact friends and send them mails from you contact group or address book.CC -The recipients can see the other people that have been sent the message/email.
31BCC - The recipients do not know who else is getting the message/emailBenefits of using an email -
- You can choose on what recipients see the message etc
- Fast sending and replies but not as fast as instant messaging
- can access on any device.
32SMTP- simple mail transfer protocol Pushed outgoing emails to a server.POP 3- Post office protocol
This handles when receiving a message & originally came before email.(pulling emails)
33IMAP- Internet Message Access Protocol Handles receiving (pull) web mail,lets you access emails on a server and you can access from anywhere.(Imap) web mail- All your messages stay on a server and can be access on many devices.You must have network connection.
34Email client - can access even if your not online.Client software has more features & emails can be lost if computer crashes.
35—Packet switching - This is the process of data being broken into packets before being sent through a network and reassembled at the other end.
36advantages - - packets choose different routes so traffic flows more efficiently. - Big files can still be sent but don't clog the network.Disadvantages-
- if one or more packets are lost or corrupted during transmission,the whole file will not be received correctly.
37Simplx-one way signals go in one direction at a time. (TV Remote)Duplex- Two way
Signals go in both directions at same time.
(Mobile phones)
381/2 Duplex - Signals go in both directions but not simultaneous (Computer to printer)Serial transmission-
Bits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire.
Benefit- Good over large distances.
Limitation- Complex because data is broken into individual bits
39Parallel transmission- Bits of data are transferred simultaneously - a whole byte can be transferred at the same time. Benefit- Faster because more bits are transferred per second. Limitation- Only shorter distances (eg.5 meters)twisted pair
40(STP)Shielded twisted pair- When there is protection such as foil around the pairs.(UTP)Unsheilded twisted pair- They have no protection(Foil) around the pairs.
41Advantages - STP, is protected by interference due to the protection off the foil or layer around the wire. - UTP , cheaper than other methods - reliableDisadvantages
- Slow
- Low capacity
- used over a short distance
- Susceptible to interference,which means data can be interfered with if near another digital device.
42coaxial cable- Is solid copper wire with thick shielding,used to connect TV to the aerial.Advantages-
Reliable
43Disadvantages- -slow - Low capacity - used over short distances -Thick and physically inflexible - susceptible to noiseFibre optic- Strands of glass carrying data as light.Used as a backbone of network.
44advantages- -used over long distances -fast -little interferenceDisadvantages-
- used for backbone of network
45Infrared- Uses infrared light to transmit data,That's a very high frequency lightAdvantages-
-Reliable
46Disadvantages- - Short range - Devices must be in the line of sight - cCan suffer from interferenceMicrowave- Uses waves with short wavelength to transmit data.
47Advantages- Good for medium distancesDisadvantages-
- Can suffer from interference eg a microwave oven that's near to a computer
48Satellite- uses satellite in space to relay data between points on earth GPsAdvantages-
- Good for very long distances
49Disadvantages- -Very expensiveNetwork interface card (NIC)-
Devices using wireless networks need a NIC. Its the hardware for receiving wireless signals.Built into modern devices such as phones and tablets. NIC connects to NAP.
50Network access points- Lots of places to offer NAPs ,such as cafes and libraries.HTML
51Hypertext Markup Language HTML is made up of tags,most in pairs.Pairs of tags are called HTML elements. The open tag is written between < > Most tags also have a close tag which includes a forward slash. texthttp://www.thuto.org/ubh/web/html/tags1.htm
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53client side- Is viewing web pages on your client device. Today's web pages have lots of features that are interactive. Interactivity is achieved using client scripts written in java script.Advantages-
-speed,processing is faster on the client side because the data does not have to travel across the internet.
- Security,Data cannot be intercepted on the client
54Disadvantages - Browser specific,Server side- Means processing data at the 'back end' on a web server.Its done using sever script written in server-side languages such as PHP.
55Advantages- -servers are powerful computers,A web server is likely to be way more powerful than a client computer,So it can process data faster.- No browser involved,servers don't use browsers so there are none of the difficulties you get on the client with different brands.
- Efficient,everything is done on the server,so no need to wait for downloads etc.
56disadvantages- - security,when data is sent back from the client,it has to travel across the internet where there could be more security risks. - Overloading,If a lot of users are asking the web server to process data,it could overload the server and cause it too crash(thousands of people buying gig tickets etc)
57Database- A structural collection of dataTable- A table stores a set of data (Details of students details)
58Field- A column in a table (forename,surname,gender,Date of birth)Record-Is one row that stores data about a single item
59Primary key-Is a special field with a unique identifier(student ID)Foreign key- The supplier ID is not really product data,so its called foreign key.Purpose is to link to the supplier table.
60Relationship- Most databases need more than one table to store their data.So the tables need to be linked(related) to create a rational database.Data types users-Says what kind of data is going to be stored in a field.
61Text-Any kind of characters,including letters & numbers.Numeric-
62Date/time- Dates and timesBoolean- One of two values ,such as yes/no or true/false.
63—Local database; Means a database held inside network to keep it secure. Used for smaller companies and data is more secure because it inst going over the internet.
64Online database- Used by larger organisations and can be assessed anywhere that has an internet connection.Less secure to insure security because data is travelling across the internet.DBMS-
(Database Management system)
- is a software that allows you to create & use your own database.It creates tables and fields and allows you to search and sort data.Handles security to prevent un-authorized acsess.
65SQL (Structured queries language) - Is the language used by a DBMS actually create & search a database.It has a data definition language (DDL).And it has data multiplication language(DML) for updates and queries.
66—threats and protection
67Threat: opportunist- A companies network could be breached by people taking random opportunity (untended PC)Methods of protection:
You could strong password and set a physical barrier.
68Threat: Malware-Is the name of several other types of malicious software,such as Trojans,worms,adware,spyware and other nasty software that can cause damageMethods of protection:
Make sure your system software is up to date.
69Threat Phishing- When hackers use fake emails to trick people into clicking then entering personal details.Methods of protection:
Personal privacy settings
70Threat: Accidental damage- somebody may turn off software accidentally.Methods:
Make sure that you have set assess levels
71Threat: Hackers- Means people who purposely try to gain unauthorized access to a computer to gain more access to personal data (Bank details etc)Method of protection:
Encryption,password controls,level of access and physical barriers
72Data Protection Act 1998- Provides 8 principles that govern the way data about individuals is stored and used.Computer misuse act 1990-
Introduced to protect from hackers and malicious use of viruses.Focuses on un-authorized access.
73Copyright,designs and patents act 1988- Protects creators of original works.Aimed at preventing privacy .Freedom of information act 2000-
Provides individual right to see information stored about them.Data can also be accessed about public bodies.
74Technology for monitoringMovement:
- CCTV
- GPS Devices
-Airport passenger list
75Communication: - Monitoring email - Monitoring web sites visited - logging keywords typed into search engingesRelational database-
-Most databases need more than one table to store all data.
- So the tables need to be linked (or 'related')to create relational database.
76Pay per click advertising Disadvantages- Vague use of key words Competition for key words Time consuming to monitor trafficfirewall-
monitors data arriving so they can stop and block harmful data.
Monitors individual ports.
Checks IP address which is compared against database.
77One reason why an employer might monitor communications in the workplace - Employees may use work email for personal use.The company wouldn't like this because the workers are not on task and working.Two factors the school will need to consider when backing up its data
- Full back up,all the data is backed up every time system runs.
- Location of back up,on-site,offsite or on cloud.
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