Fichas
Variation and Evolution
Fichas del conjunto (26)
- 1What is genetic Information?Passed on from parents to offspring.
- 2EnvironmentThe conditions that affect the organism during its lifetime.
- 3What is Evolution?The theory that all organisms have arisen from simpler life forms over billions of years.
- 4What is the evidence of Evolution?Comparing genomes of different organisms.
Studying embryos and their similarities. - 5What is the theory of Evolution?All of todays species have evolved from simple life forms that first started to develop over three billions years ago.
- 6Who came up with the theory of Evolution?Charles Darwin
- 7What is the theory of Evolution by Natural selection?The theory of evolution by natural selection states that all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms that first developed more than three billion years ago.
- 8Why might Evolution change over time?Evolution as a change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection which may result in the formation of a new species.
- 9How evolution occurs through natural selection of variants that give rise to phenotypes best suited to their environment.If two populations of one species become so different in phenotype that they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring they have formed two new species.
- 10What is Variation?The way how each species look and how they can be identified.
- 11What are the two types of Variation?Genetic and Environmental
- 12Why do plants and animals have Characteristics that are similar to parents?An organisms characteristics are determined by the genes inherited from their parents.
- 13What characteristics only identified by genes?In animals Eye colour blood group inherited disorders
- 14What is selective Breeding?Selective breeding is the process by which humans breed plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics.
- 15What does selective Breeding involve?Choosing parents from a desired characteristic from a mixed population. The characteristic can be chosen for usefulness or appearance.
Disease resistance in food crops.
Animals which produce more meat or milk.
Domestic dogs with a gentle nature.
Large or unusual flowers. - 16What can selective Breeding lead to?Inbreeding where some breeds are particularly prone to the disease or inherited defects.
- 17What is genetic Engineering?Genetic engineering is where genes can be transferred from one organism to another in order to deliberately change the recipients characteristics.
- 18How do you alter the genetic makeup of an organism?To improve resistance to herbicides eg soya plants are modified by inserting a gene which makes them resistant to a herbicide.
To improve the quality of food eg bigger and more tastier fruit.
To produce a substance you require eg the gene for human insulin can be inserted into bacteria or fungi.
Disease resistance: Crop plants recieve genes that give them resistance to the bacterium. - 19What are the advantages of genetic engineering?It allows organisms with new features to be produced rapidly.
It can be used to make biochemical processes cheaper and more efficient.
In the future, it may be possible to use genetic engineering to change a persons genes and cure certain disorders eg cystic fibrosis. This is an area of research called gene therapy. - 20Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering?Transplanted genes may have unexpected harmful effects on human health.
Some people are worried that GM plants may cross breed with wild plants and release their new genes into the environment. - 21CloningDifferent types of Cloning
Cuttings,
TIssue Culture - 22What is tissue culture?Where a few plant cells put in a growth medium with hormones grow into new plants.
Plants can be made quickly in very little space and be grown all year.
Tissue culture is used by scientists to preserve rare plants that are hard to reproduce naturally and by plant nurseries to produce lots of stock. - 23Cuttings?Gardeners take cuttings from good parent plants then plant them to produce genetically identical copies.
Plants can be produce quickly and cheaply.
This is older, simpler method than tissue culture. - 24How can you make animal Cells using Embryo transplants?By having their best bull and cow put together.
Sperm cells from a bull and egg cells are taken from a prize cow. The sperm is used to artificially fertilise the egg. The embryo that develops split many times.
These cloned embryos can be implanted into lots of other cows where they grow into baby calves.
Hundreds of ideal offspring can be produced every year from the best bull and cow. - 25Adult Cell cloning?The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg.
The nucleus from an adult body cell, such as a skin cell, is inserted into the egg cell.
An electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo.
These embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cell.
When the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development. - 26—
Información
- Descripción
- GCSE Biology Fichas sobre Variation and Evolution, creado por Mya Kamboj el 27/02/2020.
- Creado por
- Mya Kamboj
- Visitas
- 0
- Valoración