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GCSE Science ISA Glossary
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- 1Fair testA fair test is one in which only the independent variable has been allowed to affect the outcome of the experiment.
- 2HypothesisA proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations.
- 3IntervalThe quantity between readings, e.g. a set of 11 readings equally spaced over a distance of 1 metre would give an interval of 10 cm.
- 4PredictionA prediction is a statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on observation, experience or a hypothesis.
- 5Systematic errorThese cause readings to differ from the true value by a constant amount each time a measurement is made. Sources of systematic errors can include the environment, methods of observation or instrument used. Systematic errors can't be dealt with by simple repeats. If a systematic error is suspected, the data collection should be repeated using a different technique or a different set of equipment, and the results compared.
- 6RangeThe maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables; important in ensuring that any pattern is detected.
For example a range of distances can either be quoted as :
"From 10 cm to 50 cm" or "From 50 cm to 10 cm" - 7RepeatableA measurement is repeatable if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using the same method and equipment and obtains the same results.
- 8ReproducibleA measurement is reproducible if the investigation can be repeated by a different person, or by using different equipment or technique and obtaining the same results.
- 9ResolutionThe smallest change in the quantity being measured (input) of a measuring instrument that gives a perceptible change in the reading.
- 10Sketch graphA line graph, not necessarily on a grid, that shows the general shape of the relationship between two variables. It will not have any points plotted and although the axes should be labelled they may not be scaled.
- 11True valueThis is the value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement.
- 12Dependent variableThe dependent variable is the variable of which the value measured for each and every change in the independent variable.
- 13UncertaintyThe interval within which the true value can be expected to lie, with a given level of confidence or probability, at a level of 95%.
- 14ValiditySuitability of the investigation procedure to answer the question being asked. For example, an investigation to find out the rate of a chemical reaction depended upon the concentration of one of the reactants would not be a valid experiment because the temperature of the reactants aren't controlled.
- 15VariablesPhysical, chemical or biological quantities or characteristics.
- 16Categoric variablesCategoric variables have values that are labels. E.g. names of plants.
- 17Continuous variableContinuous variables can have values that can be given a magnitude either by counting or by measurement.
- 18Control variableOne which may, in addition to the independent variable, affect the outcome of the investigation and therefore has to be kept at a constant or at least be measured.
- 19AccuracyA measurement is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value.
- 20CalibrationMaking a scale on a measuring instrument. This involves establishing the relationship between indications on a measuring instrument and standard or reference quantity values, which must be applied.
- 21DataInformation, either qualitative or quantitative, that has been collected.
- 22Measurement errorThe difference between a measured value and the true value.
- 23AnomaliesThese are values in a set of results which are judged to not be part of the variation caused by random uncertainty.
- 24Random errorThese cause reading to be spread about the true value, due to results varying in an unpredictable way from one measurement to the next. They are present when any measurement is made and can't be corrected. The effect of random errors can be reduced by making more measurements and calculating a new mean.
- 25Zero errorAny indication that a measuring system gives a false reading when the true value of a measured quantity is zero, e.g. the needle on an ammeter failing to return to zero when no current flows. A zero error may result in systematic uncertainty.
- 26EvidenceData which has been shown to be valid.
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- Descripción
- GCSE science isa glossary vocabulary
- Creado por
- Aisha Ojany
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