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- 1Online communities are a group of people held together by a common interest or purpose who interact with each other online. A blog is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web. Netiquette is a set of rules that should be followed on online communication services. A profile usually consists of an image or avatar to represent the page. It usually showcases your best qualities or favorite experiences.Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular phone line.
Advantages: Able to connect anywhere with service, Video conference reduces staff cost rather than flying them to another country, collaboration becomes easier since files are shown on screen.
Disadvantages: Can buffer at any given time if connection levels lower, audio quality can affect the whole call, hackers can access anything online therefore is always a risk in losing all your progress.
Equipment needed: Mic, speaker, webcam and headset. - 2Ubiquitous Computing is a concept in software engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear anytime and everywhere, examples: smartwatch, smart speakers, self driving cars and smart bulbs. It is a tag, label or card that can exchange data with a reader using radio frequency (RF) signals just like a bar code label. Examples: inventory tracking, control access, staff and patient tracking and large/expensive equipment tracking.Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user just like Microsoft 365 and google cloud.
Benefits of cloud computing: reduces IT costs, flexibility of work practices, access to automatic updates and collaboration efficiency.
Drawbacks of cloud computing: no longer in control of your data and online privacy, no redundancy, bandwidth issues and may not get all features as not all cloud services are the same. - 3Pay-per-click : When a smaller company pays a larger company to promote their products. Banner adverts Web page takeover Sponsorship's YouTube adsOnline advertising is an effective way to drive traffic to your website, helping to raise awareness of your business.
Online advertising can get annoying as it goes beyond your personal privacy with search history and cookies. Auto play adverts often occur and ads can become a massive distraction. - 4Advantages of Collaborative working: Increased creativity and out-of-the-box thinking. More flexibility in project direction. Increased learning possibilities. Higher employee productivity. Greater geographical spread. Enhanced stakeholder relationships.The importance of version control and how it can be used:
Version control is important to keep track of changes — and keep every team member working off the latest version. You should use version control software for all code, files, and assets that multiple team members will collaborate on. It needs to do more than just manage and track files. - 5Levels of access: Access level denotes the set of permissions or restrictions provided to a data type. Reducing access level is an effective method for limiting failure modes, debugging time and overall system complexity.File permission:
System settings that determine who can access specified files and what they can do with those files. When you place files on a web server, you can assign the files various levels of permission for your users. - 6File compression is used to reduce the file size of one or more files. When a file or a group of files is compressed, the resulting "archive" often takes up 50% to 90% less disk space than the original file(s). ... Each one of these compression methods uses a unique algorithm to compress the data.Index - A set of instruction to extract compressed file to their original state.
- 7An algorithm is a list of rules to follow in order to solve a problem. Algorithms need to have their steps in the right order.Benefits of File Compression
Saving memory space on computers
Files will upload and download quicker
Files will better fit restrictions, such as attachment limits on emails - 8—
- 9ServerRuns special software to serve other computers.
Different types include file, print, web and email servers. - 10ClientA computer/device that uses services provided by a server.
The computer you use to access the internet is a client - 11RouterDevices that route (direct) data traffic through a network
They are intelligent and will try to find the best routes - 12BackboneA big cable (often fiber optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet.
- 13Network Diagram
- 14ISPAn ISP allows connection to the internet
- 15Point of PresenceA PoP is an access point to the internet
An ISP may have several PoP's to allow good access to the internet - 16Network Access PointA NAP is where different networks interconnect, such as your home network onto the internet
- 17Dial-Up ConnectionsAdvantages: Can use existing telephone wires and gives connection where broadband is not available.
Disadvantages: Older technology and poor reception
Usually slower than other methods
Conversion between digital and analogue can cause errors - 18BroadbandAdvantage: Better reception and speed than dial-up
Disadvantage: Wired therefore has to be used on a stationary computer
Broadband is not available in many rural areas - 19WirelessAdvantages- Not fixed to a stationary computer
Can be used whenever wireless Internet is available (wi-fi hotspot)
Disadvantages- Needs to have wireless Internet available
Can be less secure than wired
Tends to be slower than wired - 20TCPTransmission Control Protocol:
Breaks data into packets
Assembles the packets again when they arrive. - 21IPInternet Protocol:
Handles the routing of packets
That's addressing, sending and receiving packets over the net. - 22FTPFile Transfer Protocol:
Allows files to be transferred between two computers or devices, it is usually used to upload or download files to a server. - 23HTTPHypertext Transfer Protocol:
A set of rules that handle what we do on the web.
It handles your request to load a page from a web server.
Handles the response to download files to your computer. - 24HTTPSThe S in HTTPS means secure:
Protects privacy from hackers.
Data in the Webpage is scrambled before sending across the internet.
So if data is intercepted it cant be understood. - 25World Wide Web
- 26HyperlinksThey connect web pages together helping the web to work.
When a hyperlink is clicked, the user is taken onto another page on the site, or another website. - 27BrowserWeb pages are accessed through browser.
These are applications which allow a user to enter a URL and view a webpage.
Your browser reads the HTML code and displays the page. - 28Web serversWebsites are stored on a web server.
It is the web servers job to deliver the web page requested. - 29URL's
- 30URLUniform Resource Locator:
Protocol tells the browser what to do with the URL
Domain Name is the name of the website
Path is what points to a specific webpage - 31Search Engine diagram
- 32Client SideClient-side means that the action takes place on the user's (the client's) computer.
- 33Search EngineA search engine is a web-based tool that enables users to locate information on the World Wide Web. Popular examples of search engines are Google and Yahoo.
- 34Server SideServer-side means that the action takes place on a web server.
- 35Spider/web crawlerAn Internet bot that systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing.
- 36IndexWebsite indexation is the process by which a search engine adds web content to its index. This is done by “crawling” webpages for keywords, metadata, and related signals that tell search engines if and where to rank content.
- 37DatabaseA database is a data structure that stores organized information.
- 38Sponsored Link ResultsSponsored Results gives brands the ability to buy ads in search results, bringing more awareness and traffic to your App, Page, or Place.
- 39AdvertsThe promotion of a product, brand or service to a viewership in order to attract interest, engagement and sales.
- 40PopularityThe websites that are shown are in order of popularity meaning most people will click the top link.
- 41Store and ForwardThe sender and recipients of an email do not have to be online at the same time.
When a message is sent, it is stored in an email server.
It waits in a store until the recipient signs in, at which point the server forwards the message to them. - 42Address book/ Contact groupWithin your email program, you can create a list of people’s contact details (e.g. name,email address, company name, phone numbers).
- 43CC- Carbon CopyAnyone included in the CC section will see all other people in the CC section.
- 44BCC- Blind Carbon CopyIf this is used the same message will go to multiple recipients but they will not be able to see who else it goes to.
- 45Benefits of emailSpeed of delivery.
Cost. Unlike the conventional mail system, there is no additional cost.
Instant delivery on a global scale.
Delivery to multiple recipients.
Attachments (e.g. documents and audio and video files).
Having a record of the correspondence between users. - 46Drawbacks of EmailPrivacy and security. People can hack into your emails and read material which should not be available.
Internet access. Some people do not have access to he internet (or choose not to use it)
Sometimes an instant response is required, not everyone checks their email regularly.
Spam
One mistake in the address and it won’t be sent. - 47SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolPush - From server to client
- 48IAMP- Internet Message Access ProtocolUsed for web mail such as gmail or hotmail.
- 49POP3- Post Office Protocol 3Pulls mail from server to client when requested
- 50WebmailWebmail, which is accessible through any web browser, makes it possible to send and receive email without special software as long as an internet connection is available.
- 51Email clientAn Email Client is a desktop program that allows users to access their emails on their computer without having to log in via the web.
- 52Advantages of Packet SwitchingSends data efficiently across networks.
Small packets take different routes across a network.
Good security levels as packets only contain part of a whole file. - 53Disadvantages of Packet SwitchingIf one or more packets are lost during transmission the file will not be received correctly.
Requires Large amount RAM (Random Access Memory) to handle large amount of data communication in packets. - 54Description of Packet SwitchingThe process of data being broke into packets before being sent through a network and the reassembled at the other end.
- 55CodecsCodecs convert analogue data into digital data and then convert digital data back into analogue data.
- 56SimplexSimplex: one-way transmission only (e.g. computer to printer or remote control)
- 57Half-DuplexHalf-duplex: two-way transmission but one way at a time
(e.g. ‘walkie-talkie’ radios) - 58DuplexDuplex: two-way transmission (e.g. telephone)
- 59SerialBits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire
Benefit- Good over large distances
Limitation- Complex because data has to be broken into individual bits - 60ParallelBits of data are transferred simultaneously over a wire- a whole byte can be transferred at the same time
Benefit- Faster because more bits are transferred per second.
Limitation- Shorter distance, maximum about 5 meters - 61Unshielded Twisted PairUTP is a cable with wires that are twisted together to reduce noise and cross talk.
UTP has each pair of wires twisted together. Those wires are then wrapped in tubing without any other protection.
UTP cables contain no shields and they are thinner than STP cables, which is easier for cable installation and maintenance, particularly in limited space. - 62Shielded Twisted PairSTP is a twisted pair cable confined in foil or mesh shield that guards the cable against electromagnetic interference.
STP has the individual pairs of wires wrapped in foil, which are then wrapped again for double protection.
The shields of STP cables are quite fragile and rigid. If the shield suffered damage, cabling systems are likely to be affected by interference. - 63Co-axial cablesUsed to connect TV with aerial.
Solid copper wire with thick shielding.
Advantage: Reliable
Disadvantages: Slow, low capacity, used over short distances, thick and physically inflexible, susceptible to noise. - 64Fibre optic cableUsed for backbone of network
Strands of glass carrying data as light
Advantages: Fast, used over long distances, little interference
Disadvantages: Used for backbone of network - 65InfraredUses Infrared light to transmit data which is very high frequency light.
Advantage- Reliable
Disadvantages- Short range, devices must be in line of sight and can suffer from interference.
e.g headset - 66MicrowaveUses waves with short wavelength to transmit data.
Advantages: Good for medium distances
Disadvantage: Can suffer from interference from other devices such as a microwave oven that's near to a computer device - 67SatelliteUses satellites in space to relay data between points on earth, example-GPS
Advantages: Good for very long distances
Disadvantages: Very expensive
e.g: GPS - 68Network Interface Card (NIC)Its the hardware for receiving wireless signals.
Its built into modern devices such as phones and tablets.
The NIC connects to a NAP - 69Network access point (NAP)Many places of NAP such as cafes and libraries.
- 70Client-SideClient side is viewing web pages on your client device.
Example: Tablet or PC
Client scripts are run by your browser to display the interactive effect.
Advantages: Speed and Security
Disadvantages: Computer speed and browser-specific - 71Server-SideProcessing data at the back end on the web server.
Its done using special server scripts written in server-side languages such as PHP
Advantage: Servers are powerful computers, no browser involved and efficient,
Disadvantage: Security, Overloading - 72DatabaseA database is a system for managing a collection of data.
- 73TableA table stores a set of data such as: details of students in a school.
- 74FieldA field are the columns in a table: e.g, forename, surname, gender, date of birth.
- 75RecordA record is one row that stores data about a single item e.g a students detail.
- 76Primary KeyThe primary key is a special field with a unique identifier eg, a student ID
- 77Foreign KeyIts purpose is to link to the Supplier table.
- 78RelationshipThe tables need to be linked to create a relational database.
- 79TextAny kind of characters, including letters and numbers.
- 80NumericNumerical Values
- 81Date/timeDates and times
- 82BooleanOne of two values, such as yeah/no or True/False.
- 83Key FieldA field in a record that holds unique data which identifies that record from all the other records in the file or database. Account number, product code and customer name are typical key fields.
- 84Online databaseA database table that can be accessed around the world.
- 85Local databases
- 86Database management system (DBMS)Allows you to create and use your own database.
It creates tables and fields and allows you to search and sort data.
It handles security to prevent un-authorised access.
It can also allow for different levels of access for different users. - 87SQLSQL is the language used by a DBSM to actually create and search a database.
It has a Data Definition Language (DDL) to set up the tables.
It also has a Data Manipulation Language (DML) for updates and search queries. - 88Presence checkEnsures data is entered into a field and not left blank.
- 89Range checkUsed to ensure data falls between a set range.
- 90Format checkUsed to ensure data is in the correct format.
Example: a date is DD/MM/YY - 91Check digitUsed to ensure the data received is the same as the data transmitted.
Example: Bar code - 92HTMLCoding language used to create web pages using tags.
- 93—Make text bold
- 94—Make text italic
- 95—Make paragraph of text
- 96—Insert an image
- 97—Creates a hyperlink to web pages, files, email addresses, locations in the same page, or anything else a URL can address.
- 98—Unordered list
- 99—An unordered (bulleted) list
- 100—To assist search engines and browsers
- 101—Contains all the contents of an HTML.
- 102—Making a heading on a webpage
- 103OpportunistA person who takes advantage of opportunities as and when they arise, regardless of planning or principle.
To protect: Use password controls - 104VirusA computer virus is a type of malicious code or program written to alter the way a computer operates and is designed to spread from one computer to another.
To protect: Up to date anti-virus software - 105PhishingPhishing is a type of online scam where criminals impersonate legitimate organisation via email, text message, advertisement or other means in order to steal sensitive information.
To protect: Personal privacy settings - 106MalwareMalware is intrusive software that is designed to damage and destroy computers and computer systems.
To protect: Anti-virus software installation - 107HackersA hacker is an individual who uses computer, networking or other skills to overcome a technical problem.
To protect: Access levels - 108Accidental damageAccidental damage is defined as sudden and unexpected damage to your property or contents by an outside force.
To protect: Physical barrier - 109Technology used for monitoringTechnology can be used to monitor people’s movements and communications.
Movement: CCTV, GPS Devices, Airport passenger lists
Communication: Monitoring email, Monitoring websites visited, Logging keywords typed into search engines - 110Data Protection ActProvides 8 principles that govern the way data about individuals is stored and used.
- 111Computer Misuse ActIntroduced to protect from hackers and malicious use of viruses.
Protects personal data held by organisations from unauthorised access and modification - 112Copyright, Designs and Patents ActProtects creators of original works.
Gives the author or creator the exclusive right to copy, adapt, communicate, lend or sell copies of the work, although this right can be sold or transferred. - 113Freedom of Information ActProvides individual the right to see information stored about them. Data can also be accessed about public bodies.
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- Fichas sobre Flashcards, creado por Euan Rees el 17/11/2020.
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- Euan Rees
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